Derya AKTAŞ, Görkem AKINCI, Duyuşen GÜVEN

Maden sahası atıklarında bağlayıcı materyal ve Thiobacillus thiooxidans varlığının ağır metal mobilizasyonuna etkisinin araştırılması

Çalışmada, terk edilmiş bir Pb-Zn madeni ve işletilmekte olan bor madeni atıklarındaki arsenik (As), bor (B), kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), kurşun (Pb), talyum (Tl) ve çinko (Zn) elementlerinin toplam konsantrasyonları, kimyasal bağlanma formlarındaki dağılımları ile bu elementlerin bağlayıcı materyal ve asidik bakteri olan Thiobacillus thiooxidans varlığında mobilizasyonları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca atık ve bağlayıcı materyallerdeki sülfür ve karbonat miktarları da belirlenerek, statik testlere göre atıkların asit nötralize etme potansiyeli hesaplanmıştır. Mobilizasyon çalışmaları için iki farklı bölgeden temin edilen atık ile bağlayıcı materyal olarak seçilen leonardit ve evsel katı atık kompostu farklı oranlarda karıştırılmak suretiyle (10/0, 9.5/0.5, 9/1, 8/2) deneyler yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca, sülfür oksitleyen bir bakteri olan Thiobacillus thiooxidans’ın ortama ilave edilmesiyle mobilizasyona olan etkisi çalışılmıştır. Standart bir liç testi olan EPA 1310B Ekstraksiyon Prosedürü kullanılarak mobilize olan ağır metaller tespit edilmiş, bulgular SPSS 24 programı ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilerek çalışılan parametreler arasındaki korelasyonlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Leonardit ve kompostun maden atıklarına karıştırılmasıyla, ağır metal mobilitesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma görülmemiştir. Ancak farklı bağlayıcı materyaller, ağır metal türüne göre farklı etkiler göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, ortamda Thiobacillus thiooxidans olması durumunda ağır metal mobilitesinin arttığı ve bunun öncelikli olarak değişken ve asitle çözülebilir fraksiyonda ve sonrasında indirgenebilir fraksiyon ile organik fraksiyonlarına bağlı metal miktarı ile doğru orantılı olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Maden atığı, Ağır metal, Mobilizasyon, Thiobacillus thiooxidans

Investigation of the effect of binding material and Thiobacillus thiooxidans on the heavy metals mobilization in the mine tailings

The total concentrations of arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) in the mine tailings of an abandoned Pb-Zn mining site and an open boron mining site are investigated in this study. In addition, heavy metals’ distributions in chemical binding forms and their mobilities with the presence of binding materials and acidic bacteria are examined. The amounts of sulfur and carbonate in the waste and binding materials are also determined according to the static method, in order to define the acid neutralization potential of the wastes. For mobilization studies, mine tailings are mixed with with leonardite and domestic solid waste compost in different ratios (10/0, 9.5 / 0.5, 9/1; 8/2). Independent from the binding materials, the mobilization effect of sulfur oxidizing Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria has been tested and evaluated. Experiments are conducted using a standard leach test EPA 1310B Extraction Procedure, and correlations between the parameters studied were statistically evaluated using the findings of SPSS 24. Although there is no statistically significant reduction in metals’ mobilization with the use of leonardite and waste compost, it has been concluded that different binding agents may have different impacts due to the metal type. As a result, it is understood that metals mobility increases in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans in the environment, and that the heavy metal mobility is directly proportional to the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction, followed by the reducible fraction and the amount of metals bound to the organic fractions.

Keywords:

Mining waste, Heavy metal, Mobilization Thiobacillus thiooxidans,

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