Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde inşaat yönetim hizmetlerinde BIM sisteminin etkisi; Türkiye örneği

Günümüz inşaat sektörü gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte değişim göstermekte ve gelişmektedir. En önemli teknolojik değişimlerden birisi Yapı Bilgi Modelleme (BIM) sistemidir. Mühendislik hizmetlerine ek olarak danışmanlık hizmetlerini de içeren CM hizmetlerinde de BIM sisteminin benimsenmesi elzemdir. Bu çalışmada CM hizmetlerinde BIM sisteminin kullanılmasının faydaları, zorlukları ve inşaat yöneticisinin görevleri belirlenerek bu sisteminin kullanılmasının gerekliliği incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda gelişmekte olan bir ülke olan Türkiye'deki inşaat projelerinde BIM sisteminin CM hizmetlerinde uygulanmasına ilişkin profesyonel CM firmalarına anket düzenlenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre özellikle eğitimli eleman eksikliği en önemli zorluk olarak ortaya çıkmasına rağmen paydaşlar arasında iletişim ve koordinasyonun artması ve çakışma analizi ile tasarım hatalarının azaltılması en önemli faydalar olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca İnşaat Yöneticisinin BIM sistemi kullanımındaki görevleri önem derecesine göre sıralanmıştır. Bu çalışma CM hizmetlerinde BIM sisteminin uygulanmasına yönelik hazırlanmış öncü çalışmalardan biridir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında BIM sisteminin CM hizmetlerinde kullanımı için yasal düzenlemeler, standartlar, sözleşmeler ve yürütme planları oluşturulabilir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın, BIM sisteminin CM hizmetlerine entegrasyonunda yapı üretimi paydaşlarına katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yapı bilgi modelleme (BIM), İnşaat yönetim hizmetleri, Şiddet indeksi analizi, İnşaat yöneticisi, İnşaat teknolojisi

Impact of the BIM system in construction management services in developing countries; Case of Turkey

Today's construction industry changes and develops with the developing technology. One of the most important technological changes is the Building Information Modeling (BIM) system. Adoption of the BIM system is essential in CM services, which include consulting services in addition to engineering services. In this study, it is aimed to examine the benefits and challenges of using the BIM system in CM services and the necessity of using this system by determining the duties of the Construction Manager. In this context, a survey was conducted and analyzed for professional CM companies regarding the implementation of BIM system in CM services in construction projects in Turkey, a developing country. According to the results of the analysis, although the lack of trained staff emerged as the most important challenge, the increase in interdisciplinary coordination and the reduction of design errors with conflict analysis were determined as the most important benefits. In addition, the tasks of the Construction Manager in the use of the BIM system are listed in order of importance. This study is one of the pioneering studies on the implementation of the BIM system in CM services. In the light of the result obtained, legal regulations, standards, contracts, and execution plans can be composed for the use of the BIM system in CM services. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will contribute to the building production stakeholders in the integration of the BIM system with CM services.

Keywords:

Building information modeling (BIM), Construction management (CM) services, Severity index analysis, Construction manager, Construction technology,

PDF

___

[1] Kang Y, Jin Z, Hyun C, Park H. “Construction management functions for developing countries: case of Cambodia”. Journal of Management in Engineering, 34(3), 1-9, 2018.
[2] Alshawi M, Ingirige B. “Web-enabled project management: an emerging paradigm in construction”. Automation in Construction, 12(4), 349-364, 2003.
[3] Budak A. Consultancy and Owner’s Agent’s Role Importance and Examining of Practice in Turkish Construction Project Management. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, 2016.
[4] Construction Management Association of America. Construction Management Standards of Practice, 2010th ed. Virginia, USA, CMAA, 2010.
[5] Haltenhoff CE. The CM Contracting System Fundamentals and Practices. 1st ed. USA, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999.
[6] McKean JJ. Becoming a Construction Manager. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2011.
[7] Öcal ME. İnşaat Projelerinde Sözleşme Yönetimi. 1. baskı. Istanbul, Turkey, Birsen Yayınevi, 2014.
[8] Yalcinkaya M, Arditi D. “Building information modeling (BIM) and the construction management body of knowledge”. IFIP International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, Nantes, France, 6-10 July 2013.
[9] Becerik-Gerber B, Kensek K. “Building information modeling in architecture, engineering, and construction: Emerging research directions and trends”. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 136(3), 139-147, 2010.
[10] Demirkesen S, Ozorhon B. “Impact of integration management on construction project management performance”. International Journal of Project Management, 35(8), 1639-1654, 2017.
[11] Oraee M, Hosseini MR, Papadonikolaki E, Palliyaguru R, Arashpour M. “Collaboration in BIM-based construction networks: A bibliometric-qualitative literature review”. International Journal of Project Management, 35(7), 1288-1301, 2017.
[12] Eastman C, Liston K, Sacks R, Liston K. BIM handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[13] Eastman CM, Jeong YS, Sacks R, Kaner I. “Exchange model and exchange object concepts for implementation of national BIM standards”. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 24(1), 25-34, 2010.
[14] McGraw Hill Construction. “The Business Value of BIM for Construction in Major Global Markets: How Contractors Around the World Are Driving Innovation with Building Information Modeling SmartMarket Report”. Massachusetts, USA, 60, 2014.
[15] Özorhon B. Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi Building Information Modelling. Birinci baskı. Istanbul, Turkey, Abaküs, 2018.
[16] Smith P. “BIM & the 5D project cost manager”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 475-484, 2014.
[17] Wong A, Wong FKW, Nadeem A. “Comparative roles of major stakeholders for the implementation of BIM in various countries”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Changing Roles: New Roles, New Challenges, Noordwijk Aan Zee, Netherlands, 5-9 October 2009.
[18] Seyis S. “Pros and cons of using building information modeling in the AEC industry”. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 145(8), 1-17, 2019.
[19] Marzouk M, Elsaay H, Othman AAE. “Analysing BIM implementation in the Egyptian construction industry”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2020-0523.
[20] Al-Yami A, Sanni-Anibire MO. “BIM in the Saudi Arabian construction industry: state of the art, benefit and barriers”. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 39(1), 33-47, 2021.
[21] Farooq U, Ur Rehman SK, Javed MF, Jameel M, Aslam F, Alyousef R. “Investigating BIM implementation barriers and issues in Pakistan using ISM approach”. Applied Sciences, 10(20), 1-18, 2020.
[22] Olanrewaju OI, Kineber AF, Chileshe N, Edwards DJ. “Modelling the impact of building information modelling (BIM) implementation drivers and awareness on project lifecycle”. Sustainability, 13(16), 1-23, 2021.
[23] Olanrewaju OI, Kineber AF, Chileshe N, Edwards DJ. “Modelling the relationship between building information modelling (BIM) implementation barriers, usage and awareness on building project lifecycle”. Building and Environment, 207, 1-15, 2022.
[24] Zhou Y, Yang Y, Yang, JB. “Barriers to BIM implementation strategies in China”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(3), 554-574, 2019.
[25] Arrotéia AV, Freitas RC, Melhado SB. “Barriers to BIM adoption in Brazil”. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 1-12, 2021.
[26] Gerges M, Austin S, Mayouf M, Ahiakwo O, Jaeger M, Saad A, Gohary TE. “An investigation into the implementation of building information modeling in the Middle East”. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 22, 1-15, 2017.
[27] Ferdosi H, Abbasianjahromi H, Banihashemi S. “BIM applications in sustainable construction : scientometric and state-of-the-art review”. International Journal of Construction Management, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2022.2029679.
[28] Olawumi TO, Chan DWM, Wong JKW, Chan APC. “Barriers to the integration of BIM and sustainability practices in construction projects: A Delphi survey of international experts”. Journal of Building Engineering, 20, 60-71, 2018.
[29] Hire S, Sandbhor S, Ruikar K. “Bibliometric survey for adoption of building ınformation modeling (BIM) in construction industry- A safety perspective”. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 29, 679-693, 2022.
[30] Oraee M, Hosseini MR, Edwards DJ, Li H, Papadonikolaki E, Cao D. “Collaboration barriers in BIM-based construction networks: A conceptual model”. International Journal of Project Management, 37(6), 839-854, 2019.
[31] Shaqour EN. “The role of implementing BIM applications in enhancing project management knowledge areas in Egypt”. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), 1-11, 2022.
[32] Chiu WYB, Lai JHK. “Building information modelling for building services engineering: benefits, barriers and conducive measures”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(9), 2221-2252, 2020.
[33] Abbasianjahromi H, Ahangar M, Ghahremani F. “A maturity assessment framework for applying bım in consultant companies”. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology-Transactions of Civil Engineering, 43(1), 637-649, 2019.
[34] Bayram S, Aydınlı S, Budak A, Oral E. “Ethical problems in the production and inspection of construction in Turkey”. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 24(3), 461-467, 2018.
[35] Oyegoke AS. “UK and US construction management contracting procedures and practices: A comparative study”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(5-6), 403-417, 2001.
[36] Hess SA, Bales JV, Folk PD, Holt LT. Design Professional and Construction Manager Law. 1st ed. USA, ABA Publishing, 2007.
[37] Halpin DW, Senior BA. Construction Management. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2011.
[38] Arditi D, Ongkasuwan D. “Duties and responsibilities of construction managers: Perceptions of parties involved”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(12), 1370-1374, 2009.
[39] Barnes P, Davies N. BIM in Principle and in Practice. 1st ed. London, UK, ICE Publishing, 2014.
[40] Bergin MS. “History of BIM”. Architecture Research Lab, http://www.architectureresearchlab.com/arl/2011/08/ 21/bimhistory/%5Cnhttp://www.archdaily.com/302490/abrief-history-of-bim/, 2013.
[41] Azhar S, Hein M, Sketo B. “Building information modeling (BIM): Benefits, risks and challenges”. BIM-Benefit Measurement, 18(9), 1-11, 2007.
[42] NBIMS. “National BIM Standard” National Institute of Building Sciences, London, UK, 33, 2007.
[43] Turk Z. “Ten questions concerning building information modelling”. Building and Environment, 107, 274-284, 2016.
[44] Eadie R, Browne M, Odeyinka H, Mckeown C, Mcniff S. “A survey of current status of and perceived changes required for BIM adoption in the UK”. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 5(1), 4-21, 2015.
[45] Azhar S. “Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry”. Leadership and management in engineering, 11(3), 241-252, 2011.
[46] Sodangi M, Salman AF, Saleem M. “Building information modeling: Awareness across the subcontracting sector of saudi arabian construction industry”. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43(4), 1807-1816, 2018.
[47] He Q, Wang G, Luo L, Shi Q, Xie J, Meng X. “Mapping the managerial areas of building information modeling (BIM) using scientometric analysis”. International Journal of Project Management, 35(4), 670-685, 2017.
[48] Bryde D, Broquetas M, Volm JM. “The project benefits of building information modelling (BIM)”. International journal of project management, 31(7), 971-980, 2013.
[49] Arayici Y. “Towards building information modelling for existing structures”. Structural Survey, 26(3), 210-222, 2007.
[50] Grilo A, Jardim-Goncalves R. “Value proposition on interoperability of BIM and collaborative working environments”. Automation in Construction, 19, 522-530, 2010.
[51] Kassem M, Succar B. “Macro BIM adoption: Comparative market analysis”. Automation in Construction, 81, 286-299, 2017.
[52] Bui N, Merschbrock C, Munkvold BE. “A Review of building information modelling for construction in developing countries”. Procedia Engineering, 164(1877), 487-494, 2016.
[53] Sawhney A. “International BIM Implementation Guide RICS Guidance Note, Global”. London, UK, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), 75, 2014.
[54] Arayici Y. Building Information Modeling, 1st ed. London, UK, Bookboon, 2015.
[55] Eynon J. Construction Manager’s BIM Handbook. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016.
[56] Hardin B, Mccool D. BIM and Construction Management - Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2015.
[57] Hergunsel MF. Benefits of Building Information Modeling for Construction Managers and BIM Based Scheduling. MSc Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, USA, 2011.
[58] Akintola A, Venkatachalam S, Root D. “New BIM roles’ legitimacy and changing power dynamics on BIM-enabled projects”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 143(9), 1-11, 2017.
[59] Bosch-Sijtsema PM, Gluch P, Sezer AA. “Professional development of the BIM actor role”. Automation in Construction, 97, 44-51, 2019.
[60] Hansford P, Bew M. “PAS 1192-2: 2013 Specification for Information Management for The Capital/Delivery Phase of Construction Projects Using Building Information Modelling”. London, UK, BSI Standards Ltd., 1192, 2013.
[61] Holzer D. The BIM Manager’s Handbook: Guidance for Professionals in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction. 1st ed. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016.
[62] Merschbrock C, Hosseini MR, Martek I, Arashpour M, Mignone G. “Collaborative role of sociotechnical components in BIM-based construction networks in two hospitals”. Journal of Management in Engineering, 34(4),1-11, 2018.
[63] Rahman RA, Alsafouri S, Tang P, Ayer SK. “Comparing building information modeling skills of project managers and BIM managers based on social media analysis”. Procedia Engineering, 145, 812-819, 2016.
[64] Szelqg M, Szewczak A, Brzyski P. BIM in General Construction. 1st ed. Lublin, Poland, Lublin University of Technology, 2017.
[65] Travaglini A, Radujkovic M, Mancini M. “Building information modelling (BIM) and project management: a stakeholders perspective”. Organization, Technology & Management in Construction: an International Journal, 6(2), 1058-1065, 2014.
[66] Antwi-Afari MF, Li H, Pärn EA, Edwards DJ. “Critical success factors for implementing building information modelling (BIM): A longitudinal review”. Automation in Construction, 91, 100-110, 2018.
[67] Dowsett RM, Harty CF. “Assessing the implementation of BIM-an information systems approach”. Construction management and economics, 37(10), 551-566, 2018.
[68] Kumar B, Cai H, Hastak M. “An Assessment of benefits of using BIM on an infrastructure project”. International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure, New York, USA, 26-28 October 2017.
[69] Yang J. Bin, Chou HY. “Subjective benefit evaluation model for immature BIM-enabled stakeholders”. Automation in Construction, 106(300), 1-12, 2019.
[70] Olawumi TO, Chan DWM. “An empirical survey of the perceived benefits of executing BIM and sustainability practices in the built environment”. Construction Innovation, 19(3), 321-342, 2019.
[71] Deng Y, Gan VJL, Das M, Cheng JCP, Anumba C. “Integrating 4D BIM and GIS for construction supply chain management”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(4), 1-14, 2019.
[72] Lou J, Xu J, Wang K. “Study on construction quality control of urban complex project based on BIM”. Procedia Engineering, 174, 668-676, 2017.
[73] Olawumi TO, Chan DWM. “Building information modelling and project information management framework for construction projects”. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25(1), 53-75, 2019.
[74] Staub-French S, Khanzode A. “3D and 4D modeling for design and construction coordination: Issues and lessons learned”. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 12(26), 381-407, 2007.
[75] Ghaffarianhoseini A, Tookey J, Ghaffarianhoseini A, Naismith N, Azhar S, Efimova O, Raahemifar K. “Building information modelling (BIM) uptake: Clear benefits, understanding its implementation, risks and challenges”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 1046-1053, 2017.
[76] Boukamp F, Akinci B. “Automated processing of construction specifications to support inspection and quality control”. Automation in Construction, 17(1), 90-106, 2007.
[77] Ma Z, Cai S, Mao N, Yang Q, Feng J, Wang P. “Construction quality management based on a collaborative system using BIM and indoor positioning”. Automation in Construction, 92, 35-45, 2018.
[78] Azhar S, Brown J, Farooqui R. “BIM-based sustainability analysis: an evaluation of building performance analysis software,” Proceedings of the 45th ASC Annual Conference, Gainesville, USA, 1-4 April 2009.
[79] Azhar S, Khalfan M, Maqsood T. “Building information modelling (BIM): now and beyond”. Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 12(4), 15-28, 2015.
[80] Castro AB, Alvarado RG. “BIM-integration of solar thermal systems in early housing design”. Revista de la Construcción, 16(2), 323-338, 2017.
[81] Alizadehsalehi S, Yitmen I, Celik T, Arditi D. “The effectiveness of an integrated BIM/UAV model in managing safety on construction sites”. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 26(4), 829-844, 2018.
[82] Arshad MF, Thaheem MJ, Nasir AR, Malik MSA. “Contractual risks of building information modeling: toward a standardized legal framework for design-bidbuild projects”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(4), 1-13, 2019.
[83] Chan DWM, Olawumi TO, Ho AML. “Perceived benefits of and barriers to building information modelling (BIM) implementation in construction: The case of Hong Kong”. Journal of Building Engineering, 25, 1-10, 2019.
[84] Chien KF, Wu ZH, Huang SC. “Identifying and assessing critical risk factors for BIM projects: Empirical study”. Automation in Construction, 45, 1-15, 2014.
[85] Herr CM, Fischer T. “BIM adoption across the Chinese AEC industries: An extended BIM adoption model”. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 6(2), 173-178, 2019.
[86] Liao L, Teo EAL. “Critical Success Factors for enhancing the building information modelling implementation in building projects in Singapore”. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(8), 1029-1044, 2017.
[87] Cheng JCP, Lu Q. “A review of the efforts and roles of the public sector for BIM adoption worldwide”. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 20(27), 442-478, 2015.
[88] Won J, Lee G, Dossick C, Messner J. “Where to focus for successful adoption of building information modeling within organization”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(11), 1-10, 2013.
[89] Ku K, Taiebat M. “BIM experiences and expectations: The constructors’ perspective,” International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 7(3), 175-197, 2011.
[90] Thomson DB, Miner RG. Building Information ModelingBIM: Contractual Risks are Changing with Technology. 1st ed. Minnesota, USA, Fabyanske, Westra, Hart & Thomson, 2006.
[91] Cao D, Li H, Wang G. “Impacts of isomorphic pressures on BIM adoption in construction projects”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(12), 1-9, 2014.
[92] Liu Y, van Nederveen S, Hertogh M. “Understanding effects of BIM on collaborative design and construction an empirical study in China”. International Journal of Project Management, 35(4), 686-698, 2017.
[93] Jacobsson M, Merschbrock C. “BIM coordinators: a review”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(8), 989-1008, 2018.
[94] Porwal A, Hewage KN. “Building information modeling (BIM) partnering framework for public construction projects”. Automation in Construction, 31, 204-214, 2013.
[95] Khosakitchalert C, Yabuki N, Fukuda T. “Improving the accuracy of BIM-based quantity takeoff for compound elements”. Automation in Construction, 106, 1-20, 2019.
[96] Fazli A, Fathi S, Enferadi MH, Fazli M, Fathi, B. “Appraising effectiveness of building information management (BIM) in project management”. Procedia Technology, 16, 1116-1125, 2014.
[97] Cronbach LJ. “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334, 1951.
[98] Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, California, USA, SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd, 2018.
[99] George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step A Simple Guide and Reference. 1st ed. London, UK, Taylor & Francis, 2019.
[100]Taber KS. “The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education”. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273-1296, 2018.
[101]George D, Mallery P. Using SPSS for Windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 1st ed. Boston, USA, Allyn & Bacon, 2003.
[102]Chen Y, Okudan GE, Riley DR. “Sustainable performance criteria for construction method selection in concrete buildings”. Automation in Construction, 19(2), 235-244, 2010.
[103]Idrus AB, Newman JB. “Construction related factors influencing the choice of concrete floor systems,” Construction Management & Economics, 20(1), 13-19, 2002.
[104]Eadie R, Browne M, Odeyinka H, McKeown C, McNiff S. “BIM implementation throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis”. Automation in Construction, 36, 145-151, 2013.