Atık hayvansal yağ kökenli biyomotorin yakıtların ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda kullanımının incelenmesi: Performans ve yanma karakteristikleri

Bu çalışmada, yüksek serbest yağ asidi içeriğine sahip atık tavuk yağı ve atık deri yağından biyomotorin yakıtları üretilmiş ve ortak-hat direkt püskürtmeli bir diesel motorda 2000 d/d sabit motor devrinde ve beş farklı motor yükünde (50, 75, 100, 125 ve 150 Nm) test edilmişlerdir. Biyomotorinlerin motor performans ve yanma karakteristikleri üzerindeki etkileri referans yakıt olan petrol türevi diesel yakıtı (motorin) ile karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Motorine kıyasla; biyomotorin yakıtların fren özgül yakıt tüketimleri daha yüksek, termik verimleri ise daha düşük olmuştur. Performans karakteristikleri arasındaki farklar motor yükü ile daha belirgin bir hal almıştır. Pilot püskürtmede motorin ile tüm motor yüklerinde daha yüksek basınç değerlerine ulaşılırken, 125 ve 150 Nm yük şartlarında ana püskürtmede biyomotorinler ile daha yüksek basınçlar elde edilmiştir. Silindir içi basıncı ve ısı yayılım oranları arasındaki en kritik fark 125 Nm’de görülmüştür. Tutuşma gecikmesi süreleri motor yükü ile farklılıklar göstermiş; fakat tüm yakıtlar için genellikle motor yükü ile birlikte artmıştır. Biyomotorin yakıtların yanma süreleri birbirlerine yakınken, tüm motor yüklerinde motorinin yanma süresi daha uzun olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atık hayvansal yağ, Biyomotorin, Motor test, Performans, Yanma

Investigation of waste animal fat based biodiesel fuels’ usage in a common rail direct injection diesel engine: Performance and combustion characteristics

In this study, biodiesel fuels were produced from waste chicken fat and waste fleshing oil with high free fatty acids, and those were tested in a common rail-DI diesel engine at constant engine speed of 2000 rpm and five different engine loads (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Nm). The effects of biodiesel fuels on the engine’s performance and combustion characteristics were investigated in comparison with petroleum-based diesel fuel (PBDF) which was the reference fuel. As compared to PBDF, brake specific fuel consumptions of biodiesels were higher but their thermal efficiencies were lower. The differences between performance characteristics became more pronounced with increasing engine load. In-cylinder pressures which were attained in pilot injection were higher with PBDF at all engine loads, while higher pressures were attained in main injection with biodiesel fuels at 125 and 150 Nm. The most critical differences between in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates were found at 125 Nm. The ignition delays varied with engine load; but for all test fuels it usually increased with engine load. While the combustion durations of biodiesel fuels were close to each other, PBDF’s combustion durations were relatively higher at all engine loads tested.

Keywords:

Waste animal fat, Biodiesel, Engine test, Performance, Combustion,

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