Ümmühan Avcı, Yasemin Koçak Usluel, Meltem Kurtoğlu, Nilüfer Uslu

Yeniliklerin Benimsenmesi Sürecinde Rol Oynayan Değişkenlerin Betimsel Tarama Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir yenilik olarak öğretim teknolojisinin yayılımı ve benimsenmesi konusunda alanyazında yayınlanmış olan araştırma makalelerinden hareket ederek, gelecekte yapılması planlanan çalışmalara yönelik bir öneri getirmektir. Buradan hareketle, araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenen ölçütlere göre alanyazında betimsel tarama yapılmıştır. Yapılan betimsel tarama sonucunda, ölçütlere uyan 65 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Makaleler anahtar sözcük, ele aldığı yenilik, çalışma grubu ve büyüklüğü ile test edilen hipotezler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda çalışmaya dahil edilen makalelerde benimseme ve yayılımı açıklamaya dönük olarak 308 tane hipotezin test edildiği bulunmuştur. Bu hipotezlerde, en sık tekrarlanan bağımlı değişkenlerin 156 tanesinin niyetle, 95 tanesinin tutumla, 57 tanesinin kullanımla ilgili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Makalelerde kullanımla ilgili olarak çoğunlukla öznel ölçümler yapıldığı dikkati çekmiştir. Oysa alanyazında, öznel ölçüm ve nesnel ölçüm arasındaki ilişkinin zayıf olduğu, tutumun kullanıma olumlu etkisinin olmasının yanında gerçek kullanımı beraberinde getirmediği ve niyetin kültürlerarası çalışmalarda neyi yordadığına ilişkin belirsizlikler olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak bir yenilik olarak öğretim teknolojisinin yayılımı ve benimsenmesini açıklamaya dönük yapılabilecek olası çalışmalarda, benimseme ve yayılımı niyet ve tutum üzerinden öngörmeye yönelik modelleri geliştirmek ve hipotezleri test etmek yerine, eğitsel bağlamda gerçek kullanımı açıklamaya yönelik çalışmaların yapılmasına kuram ve uygulama açısından gereksinim olduğu ileri sürülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yenilik, benimseme, kabul, yayılım, gerçek kullanım

The Examination of the Variables Playing a Role on the Process of Adoption of Innovations by Descriptive Review Method

The purpose of this study is to make a suggestion to researches being published in the literature about diffusion and adoption of instructional technologies. In this way, some criteria were identified by the researchers and a descriptive review was made. As a result of the descriptive review, 65 articles have been reached that meet the criteria. Articles were analyzed in terms of key words, addressed innovation, size of working and tested hypotheses. As a result of the analysis 308 tested hypothesis were found explaining the adoption and diffusion. In these hypotheses attitude, intention and usage variables were the most tested. In these hypotheses, 156 of the most frequently repeated dependent variables were related to the intention, 95 of them were related to the attitude and 57 of them were related to the usage. Intention is the most of the addressed dependent variable. It is pointed out that in the articles subjective measurements are usually made related to the usage. However, in the literature it is expressed that correlation between subjective measurement and objective measurement is weak and attitude affects usage positively but positive attitude does not mean actual usage. Also there are some uncertainties related to what the intention predict in cross-cultural studies. Starting from this point, instead of building models with attitude and intention in possible studies in which explaining diffusion, adoption and acceptance of instructional technologies as an innovation or instead of testing hypothesis predicting usage with intention and attitude; it could be proposed that there is a requirement in terms of theory and practice for conducting studies which are intended explain actual usage in educational context.

Keywords:

Innovation, adoption, acceptance, diffusion, actual usage,

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