ÖMER BARIŞ İNCE, MURAT ŞEVİK, Ahmet SAİT

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri-mekânsal epidemiyoloji çerçevesinde SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Dünyayı etkisi altına alan şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu coronavirusu 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salgını, pek çok ülkede ölümcül sonuçlara neden olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Pandemiye yol açacak hastalık yayılımlarının erken dönemde tespit edilebilmesi hastalık kontrol ve eradikasyonunun önemli bir bileşenidir. Hastalık verilerinin ve mekânsal analiz yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanılması, daha etkili hastalık kontrolü ve çözüm stratejileri geliştirmek için büyük bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin (CBS) epidemiyolojideki uygulamalarını ve salgın hastalıkların kontrolü ve eradikasyonundaki ilişkisini değerlendirmek için özelde COVID-19’u içeren literatüre dayalı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Epidemiyoloji alanındaki araştırmalarda, araştırılan hastalık verilerinin nasıl bir dağılım ve kümelenme gösterdiği, kısa, orta ve uzun vadede yapılacak kontrol ve eradikasyon müdahalelerini planlama açısından CBS temelli analizler ve modeller giderek önem kazanmaktadır. COVID-19'un kontrol ve eradikasyonunda yaşanan zorluklar, güçlü bulaşıcılık özelliği, uzun bir kuluçka dönemi, nüfus akış ve hareketliliği ve diğer faktörlerle birleştiğinde, hastalığın yayılmasını kontrol etmek ve önlemek için bilimsel ve teknolojik desteğe gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, CBS temelli araçların gelişimini anlamak ve COVID-19 pandemisi yönetiminde CBS kullanımı hakkında güncel bilgiler vermektir.

SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the framework of Geographic Information System spatial epidemiology

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic which has affected all over the world is a major public health concern that causes fatal consequences in many countries. The early detection of disease spread that will cause a pandemic is an important component of disease control and eradication. The combination of disease data and spatial analysis methods provides a great opportunity to develop solution strategies for more effective disease control. In this review, to evaluate the practices of geographic information system (GIS) in epidemiology and its relation in the control and eradication of pandemic, a literature-based review which includes COVID-19 in particular has been made. GIS-based analyses and models are of increasing importance in the epidemiological studies; in terms of how the researched disease data show distribution and clustering, and planning control and eradication interventions in the short, medium, and long terms. Scientific and technological supports are requirement to control and avoid the spread of the disease when the challenges in the control and eradication of COVID-19, features of strong contagiousness, a long incubation period, population flow, and mobility combined with other factors. The aim of this review is to understand the development of GISbased tools and to provide up-to-date information about the use of GIS in COVID-19 pandemic management.

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