Navigating the Qabusnamah's Journey from Istanbul to Weimar: Ottoman-European Philosophical Exchange in the Age of Enlightenment

Bu makale 11. yüzyılda İran'da kaleme alınmış olan Qabusnamah'nin İstanbul'dan ilk önce Berlin'e, daha sonra Weimar'a yolculuğunu belgelemektedir. Prusya maslahatgüzarı ve Aydınlanma cağı düşünürlerinden Heinrich Frierich von Diez'in hareketlerini takip etmektedir. 1790 yılında elyazmasını İstanbul'dan Berlin'e götüren Diez, daha sonra Fransız İhtilali ve Napolyon Savaşlarının akabinde mutlaki düzenin yeniden canlanmasını savunmak amacıyla, eseri tercüme edip yayınlamıştır. Diez'in çevirisi Goethe'yi etkilemiş ve Alman yazar eserdeki bir çok ögeyi Doğu-Batı Divanı'nda kullanmıştır. Metnin akışının incelenmesi, modern Alman devletinin oluşumunu tamamladığı kritik önemi haiz bir dönemde artan Osmanlı - Avrupa diplomatik karşılaşmalarının sonucu olarak Osmanlı felsefesinin Alman edebiyatı üzerindeki etkisini göstermektedir.

Qabusnamah'nin Istanbul'dan Weimar'a Yolculuğu: Aydınlanma Çağı'nda Osmanlı ve Avrupa arasındaki Felsefi Alışverişler

This article documents the journey of the Qabusnamah, originally written in eleventh-century Persia, from Istanbul to Berlin and, subsequently, Weimar. It follows the movements of Enlightenment thinker and Prussian chargé d'affaires in the Ottoman Empire, Heinrich Friedrich von Diez (1751-1817), who imported the manuscript from Istanbul to Berlin in 1790. He later translated and published it to advocate for a renewal of the absolutist order following the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. His translation inspired the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), who included several elements of it in his West-östlicher Divan. A study of the movement of this text demonstrates the influence of Ottoman philosophy on German literature as the result of broadened Ottoman-European diplomatic encounter.

___

Published Primary Sources

Diez, Heinrich Friedrich (a): Buch des Kabus oder Lehren des persischen Königs Kjekjawus für seinen Sohn Ghilan Schach, Berlin: Nicolai, 1811.

Diez, Heinrich Friedrich (b): Über Inhalt und Vortrag, Entstehung und Schicksale des königlichen Buchs, Berlin: Nicolai, 1811.

Diez, Heinrich Friedrich: Buch des Kabus, Turgut Vogt (ed.), Zürich: Spur Verlag, 1999.

Diez, Heinrich Friedrich: Frühe Schriften (1772-1784), Manfred Voigts (ed.), Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2010.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang: West-East Divan: Poems, with "Notes and Essays": Goethe's Intercultural Dialogues, trans. Martin Bidney, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang: West-östlicher Divan, Stuttgart: Cotta, 1819.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang: Goethes Werke, Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Großherzogin Sophie von Sachsen, I. Abtheilung, 6. Band, Weimar: Hermann Böhlau, 1888.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang: Goethes Werke, Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Großherzogin Sophie von Sachsen, IV. Abtheilung, 25. Band, Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1901.

Gronau, Walter: Christian Wilhelm von Dohm: Nach seinem Wollen und Handeln, Lemgo: Meyersche Hof-Buchhandlung, 1824.

Secondary Sources

Aksan, Virginia H.: Ottoman Wars 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged, London: Pearson, 2007.

Aksan, Virginia H.: "Ottoman Political Writing, 1768-1808," International Journal of Middle East Studies, 25, 1 (2010), pp. 53-69.

Almond, Ian: ?e History of Islam in German ?ought: From Leibniz to Nietzsche, New York: Routledge, 2010.

Birnbaum, E.: ,,Merdjümek," Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (2012), Online Edition, _____http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ merdjumek-SIM_5162>.

de Bruijn, J.T.P.: "Kaykavus b. Eskandar," Encyclopaedia Iranica (2010), Online Edition, _____http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kaykavus-onsor-maali>.

Çelik, Zeynep: ?e Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Chandler, Tertius and Fox, Gerald: 3000 Years of Urban Growth, New York: Academic Press, 1974.

Doğan, Enfel: "On Translatıons of Qabus-Nama During the Old Anatolian Turkish Period," Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5, 21 (2012), pp. 76-86.

Ersch, J. S. and Gruber, J. G. (eds.): "Diez, Heinrich Friedrich v.," Allgemeine Encyclopädie Der Wissenschaften und Künste, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1834, p. 167.

Finkel, Caroline: "Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's English Translation of the First Books of Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatnâme," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, 1 (2015): pp. 41-55.

Galland, Antoine: Les bons mots et les maximes des orientaux, Paris, 1730.

Gibson, Lela: "?e Ottoman Empire, Islam and the Emergence of German National Identity, 1789-1815," Haldun Gülalp and Günter Seufert (eds.), Religion, Identity and Politics: Germany and Turkey in Interaction, New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 9-18.

Illich, Niles Stefan: "German Imperialism in the Ottoman Empire: A Comparative Study," Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, 2007.

Israel, Jonathan: Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750-1790, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Israel, Jonathan: Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650- 1750, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Jacob, Margaret C.: ?e Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons and Republicans, London: Allen & Unwin, 1981.

Marlow, L.: "Surveying Recent Literature on the Arabic and Persian Mirrors for Princes Genre," History Compass, 7, 2 (2009), pp. 523-538.

Margoliouth, D. S.: "Turkish Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century," ?e Muslim World, 7, 1 (1917), pp. 36-54.

Mommsen, Katharina: Goethe und Diez: Quellenuntersuchungen zu Gedichten der Divan- Epoche, Second Edition, Bern: Peter Lang, 1995.

Roider, Karl A.: Austria's Eastern Question, 1700-1790, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Roxburgh, David J.: "Heinrich Friedrich von Diez and His Eponymous Albums: Mss. Diez a. Fols. 70-74," Muqarnas 12 (1995), pp. 112-136.

Shamel, Shafiq: Goethe and Hafiz: Poetry and History in the West-östlicher Divan, Bern: Peter Lang, 2013.

Şeyh Galib: Beauty and Love, trans. Victoria Rowe Holbrook, New York: ?e Modern Language Association of America, 2005.