Stres, Hayvan Sağlığı, Ürün Kalitesi ve Helal Gıda Üretim Süreci Arasındaki İlişkiler

Günümüzde modern üretim sürecinde evcilleştirilen, ıslah edilerek sürekli verimleri artırılan çiftlik hayvanları değişen çevre koşullarına ve hastalıklara karşı hassas hale gelmişlerdir. Hayvanlardan beklenen yüksek verimin alınabilmesi için ihtiyaç duydukları besin maddelerini uygun miktar ve oranlarda alabilmeleri, barınak koşullarının iyileştirilerek üzerlerindeki stres yükünün azaltılması gerekir. Stres, canlıların yeryüzünde karşılaştıkları çeşitli sorunlarla baş edebilmesi için gösterdikleri tepkidir. Hayvanlar doğada ve çiftlik koşullarında her türlü değişikliklere uyum sağlama yeteneğine sahiptirler. Hayvanların alışkanlıkları dışındaki her değişiklik üzerlerinde stres oluşturur. Yem değişiklikleri, içinde bulundukları fizyolojik durum (gebelik, laktasyon), bakım idaredeki farklılıklar, aşı uygulamaları hatta bakıcının elbise rengi vb. önemli stres kaynaklarıdır. Hayvanları stressiz bir ortamda yetiştirmek neredeyse olanaksızken, stres faktörlerinin zamana yayılmasıyla kayıplar azaltılabilir. Stres halinde vücut salgılarının (enzimler, hormonlar vb.) miktarları değişmektedir. Uzun süren stres faktörleri hayvanın verimi ve sağlığı üzerine doğrudan etki ederken, diğer yandan ürün kalitesini de olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gıda kalitesi, hayvansal üretim, sağlık, stres, verim

Relationships Between Stress, Animal Health, Product Quality and Halal Food Production

After domestication of livestock animals, their production performances were constantly increased by breeding. However, this situation may lead animals to become more susceptible to changing environmental conditions and diseases. In order to get higher production level, good quality feeds should be supplied to meet nutritional requirements of animals. In addition, housing conditions need to be improved and stress conditions should be decreased. Stress is a kind of reaction of animals to cope with the various problems they face to in the World. Animals have the ability to adapt to any changes in nature or farm conditions. Each changes can be a potantial stress factor for animals rather than their routines. Health and productivity levels of animals should be; changes in feed, physiological condition (preganacy, lactation etc.), management, vaccination, even colour of the caregiver’s clothes, etc. are major sources of stress. While it is almost impossible to keep livestock animals in a stress-free environment, the effects of stress can be reduced by spreading stress factors over times. The amount of body secretions of animals like enzymes and hormones changes in the case of stress. In long-term stress conditions, animal health and productivity can be affected negatively, likewise food product quality. Since halal food production aims to produce the most suitable food for human health, raising farm animals by protecting them from various stress factors will also provide a competitive advantage in the international market today.

Keywords:

Food quality, Animal production, Healt, Stress, Production,

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