Cüneyt ÇAM, Alaettin ÜNSAL, Didem ARSLANTAŞ, Ali KILINÇ, Gülsüm Öztürk EMİRAL

Erişkinlerin Bağışıklama Bilgi Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin, Tutum ve Davranışları ile Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Çalışmada, Eskişehir ili Alpu ilçe merkezinde yaşayan erişkin bireylerin bağışıklama bilgi yeterlilik düzeylerinin, tutum ve davranışları ile sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma, 16.11.2018-30.12.2018 tarihleri arasında Alpu ilçe merkezinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde yapılan kesitsel tipte bir araştırmadır. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve sözlü onamları alınan 955 kişi çalışma grubunu oluşturdu. Hazırlanan anket form, bağışıklama bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili soruları ve Avrupa Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği Kısa Formunun (HLS-EU-Q16) sorularını içermektedir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri olarak p≤0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Çalışma grubunu oluşturanların 493’ü (%51,62) kadındı. Yaşları 18-85 arasında değişmekte olup, ortalama±SD 42,66±15,64 yıl idi. Çalışmada, 325 kişinin (%34,03) bağışıklama bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu saptandı. Bağışıklama ile ilgili bilgi sorularından alınan puanlar ile HLS-EU-Q16’den alınan puanlar arasında pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki bulundu(r=0.252; p=0.001). Bağışıklama ile ilgili bilgi sorularından alınan puanlar ile bağışıklama hizmetlerine karşı tutum ve davranışlar ile ilgili sorulardan alınan puanlar arasında pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki olduğu saptandı(r=0,333; p=0,001). 65 yaş ve üzerinde olmanın, köyde yaşamanın, son 10 yıl içerisinde herhangi bir aşı yaptırmamış olmanın ve aşılar hakkında önceden bilgi edinmemenin, bağışıklama bilgi düzeyi yetersizliği için önemli risk faktörleri olduğu saptandı. Çalışmada grubundakilerin %34,03’ünün bağışıklama bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu görüldü. Bağışıklama ile ilgili bilgi düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, aşı uygulamalarının ve kampanyalarının etkinliğinin sürdürülebilmesi açısından önemli olabilir. Bağışıklama bilgi düzeyini arttırmak için sağlık eğitimi ve bilgilendirme hizmetleri sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bağışıklama, , bilgi tutum, sağlık okuryazarlığı

Evaluation of Immunization Knowledge Sufficiency Levels, Attitudes and Behaviors and Health Literacy Levels of Adults

This study aims to evaluate the immunization knowledge sufficiency levels, attitudes and behaviors and health literacy levels of adults living in the district center of Alpu, Eskisehir. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on individuals aged 18 years and over who live in the district center of Alpu between 16 November and 30 December 2018. The study group consisted of 955 participants who gave their verbal consent. The survey includes questions about the evaluation of immunization knowledge, attitudes and practices and the questions from the European Health Literacy Scale Short Form(HLS-EU-Q16). The statistical significance value was accepted as p≤0.05. 493 participants (51.62%) of the study group were female. Their ages ranged between 18 and 85 years with a mean±SD of 42.66±15.64 years. In the study, it was found that 325 people(34.03%) had insufficient knowledge of immunization. A positive weak correlation was found between the scores obtained from the information questions about immunization and the scores obtained from HLS-EU-Q16(r=0.252;p=0.001). It was found that there was a weak positive correlation between the scores obtained from information questions about immunization and the scores obtained from questions about their attitudes and practices towards immunization services(r=0.333;p=0.001). Being 65 years and older, living in the village having not been vaccinated in the last 10 years and lack of previous information about vaccines, were found to be important risk factors for lack of knowledge level on immunization. In the study, 34.03% of the participants in the group had insufficient knowledge of immunization. Determining the factors that affect the level of knowledge about immunization may be important in terms of sustaining the effectiveness of vaccination applications and campaigns. Health education and information services can be provided to increase the level of immunization knowledge.

Keywords:

Immunization; knowledge; attitude; health literacy,

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