Müzisyenlerin Ses Sistemleri Açısından Entonasyon Eğilimleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu araştırmanın amacı, müzisyenlerin ses sistemlerine yatkınlığı açısından entonasyon doğruluğu algıları ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalışmaları incelemektir. Entonasyon doğruluğu özellikle perdesiz ve sabit akortlu olmayan çalgılarda değişken bir kavramdır. Tarihten günümüze pek çok akort ve ses sistemi oluşturulmuş ve kullanılmıştır. Bunların içerisinde en yaygın kullanılanları eşit tampereman, Just Intonation (doğal dizi) ve Pisagor sistemidir. Müzisyenlerin entonasyon doğruluğu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda çalgı gruplarının sistemsel olarak farklı eğilimler gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yaylı çalgı çalan müzisyenlerin tek sesli pasajlarda Pisagor sistemine, çok sesli çalmada doğal diziye daha yatkın oldukları tespit edilirken, nefesli çalgıların doğal dizi veya eşit tamperemana eğilim gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Tuşlu/klavyeli çalgı çalan müzisyenler ile dört sesli korolar ile yürütülen çalışmalarda karışık sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında uluslararası endekslerde taranan dergiler ve tezlerde entonasyon eğilimleri ile yapılan yüzlerce çalışma taranmış, çalışmanın odağına uygun 24 çalışma belirlenmiş, bu araştırmaların sonuçları çalgı gruplarına göre paylaşılmış, çalgı pedagoglarının görüşleri ve araştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar ile tartışılarak çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. Entonasyon eğilimi ile ilgili müzik eğitimi kurumlarına ve konu ile ilgili literatüre katkı sunabilecek önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Entonasyon, Entonasyon Eğilimi, Müzikte Ses Sistemleri, Müzik Algısı, Müzik Psikolojisi

An Investigation on Intonation Tendencies of Musicians in Terms of Tuning Systems

The aim of this research is to examine the studies in the literature on the perception of intonation accuracy in musicians. Intonation accuracy is a variable concept, especially in fretless and non-fixed pitch instruments. Many tuning systems have been created and used from history to the present. The most common ones among them are equal temperament, Just Intonation and Pythagorean system. In studies on the intonation accuracy of musicians, it has been concluded that instrument groups show systematically different tendencies. It has been determined that musicians playing string instruments are more inclined to Pythagorean system in melodic passages while Just Intonation in double-stops or harmonic context and wind instruments tend to Just Intonation or equal temperament. Mixed results were obtained in studies conducted with musicians playing keyboard instruments and four-voice choirs. Within the scope of the research, hundreds of studies with intonation tendencies in journals and theses examined in international indexes were scanned, and 24 studies were determined for the focus of the study. The results of these researches were shared according to the instrument groups, the opinions of the instrument pedagogues and the results obtained from the researches were discussed and inferences were made. Suggestions that can contribute to the music education institutions and the literature related to intonation tendency are given.

Keywords:

Intonation, Intonation Tendency, Tuning System, Music Perception, Psychology of Music,

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