Ticari Krediler Piyasasında Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı

Bu makalenin amacı, EBRD ülkelerinden toplanan firma düzeyinde verilere dayanarak, tek bir kadın girişimciye ait firmaların kredi piyasasında ayrımcılığa uğrayıp uğramadığını araştırmaktır. Kredi piyasasında kadın girişimcilerin maruz kaldığı ayrımcılığı bir firmanın kredi alma olasılığı ile ölçüyoruz. Ayrımcılığı ölçmek için bağımlı değişken olarak ayrıca firmanın kredi başvurusuna cesaret edememesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel bağımsız değişkeni olarak sadece kadın girişimcileri ifade eden kukla değişken değil, kadın üst yöneticiye sahip firmalar da dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kadın firma sahiplerine ait kredi başvurularının geri çevrilme oranları daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenirken, bu fark istatistiksel olarak çok da anlamlı olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çok değişkenli regresyonlar sayesinde firma ve ülke düzeyinde farklılıkları kontrol ettiğimizde, kadın girişimcilere karşı finansal ayrımcılığın çoğunlukla ortadan kalktığı gözükmektedir. Bununla beraber tam zamanlı çalışan sayısının fazla, yenilikçi ve ödenmemiş borçların az olduğu firmaların finansal kurumlardan borç alma olasılıkları daha yüksektir. Ayrıca kişi başına düşen gayri safi yurt içi hasılanın yüksek olduğu ülkelerde firmaların kredi başvurularının daha düşük olasılıklarla reddedildiği gözlemlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ayrımcılık, Kredi Piyasaları, Kredi Tayınlaması, Cinsiyet

Gender-Based Discrimination in Business Loan Markets

The aim of this paper is to examine the existence of discrimination against female owned sole proprietorship firms in loan markets based on firm level cross country evidence from EBRD countries. We examine discrimination in credit markets via probability of a firm getting loan. In order to measure the discrimination we also take into account the firms those are discouraged from borrowing as dependent variable in addition to firms with female top managers. The results of the probit analyses indicate higher mean values of rejection rates for female firm owners’ credit applications, however this difference is not statistically significant. As we control for the firm and country level differences in the multivariate analysis, the significance of financial discrimination against female owned firms mostly disappears. Additionally the innovative firms with higher numbers of full time workers, and the firms with lower unpaid debts are more likely to receive credits from financial institutions. Moreover the probability of a firm having a rejected credit application is lower in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita.

Keywords:

Discrimination, Credit Markets, Credit Rationing, Gender,

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