Dünya Siyasetinde Aktörler: Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının (STK) Yasal Kişiliği ve Sınıflandırması

Devlet-dışı aktörlerin küresel siyasetteki rolü artmaya devam ederken, sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK) gibi aktörlerin çeşitli politika alanlarına katılımdaki ağırlıkları önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Öte yandan, devlet sınırları aşarak küresel etkileşime girebilen bu yapıların varlığı, ulus devlet merkezli karmaşık dünya yapısını tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu karmaşık yapı içerisinde, devletlerin istisnai konumu, çok-uluslu şirketler, hükümetler arası kuruluşlar ve STK’lar gibi kendilerine ikincil statü atfedilen aktörler tarafından sınırlandırılmaya başlanmıştır. Küresel gelişmelerin ve teknolojideki eşi görülmemiş büyümenin karşı konulmaz etkisiyle bu dönüşüm akademik çevrelerce de sıkça ele alınmıştır. Ortaya çıkan yeni durum, devlet merkezci geleneksel dünya sistemi paradigmasını temelden etkilemekle kalmamış, devlet dışı aktörlerin bizatihi sistemi dönüştürücü ve değiştirici potansiyelinin hak ettiği ilgiliyi görmesine imkân tanımıştır. Mevcut arka plan çerçevesinde, bu çalışma yorumlayıcı ve tanımlayıcı niteliksel bir sosyal araştırma metodolojisini izleyerek devlet-dışı aktörlerin ontolojik yapısına odaklanmaktadır. Özellikle, devlet dışı aktörler üzerine bir sınıflandırma yaparak, STK’ların tüzel kişiliklerini ortaya çıkarmayı temel almaktadır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı ise, STK'ların uluslararası tüzel kişiliğe sahip olmadıkları gerçeğini kabul ederek, devlet-dışı aktörlerin çeşitli politika alanlarında önemli ölçüde etkilerinin arttığını savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları, Ulus devlet, Dünya siyaseti, Yasal Kimlik

Actors In World Politics: A Taxonomy and The Legal Personality of NGOs

As the role of non-state actors continues to rise on the agenda of global politics, the engagement of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in various issue areas is taking on new relevance. The presence of a sizeable voluntary sector that interacts transnationally has brought forward new questions about the bewildering complexity of world politics, which consists of interactions among similar units known as nation-states. Within this complexity, the exceptional position of the state has largely dominated at the expense of other entities such as NGOs, transnational corporations, and intergovernmental organisations, which have been attributed secondary status. This two-tiered approach, however, has been gradually changed by the effect of global developments, unprecedented growth in technology, and dramatic changes in the scope of international connectivity. These developments have fundamentally influenced the traditional world system paradigm established on the basis of the sole authority of the nation-state, with due credit now being given to NGOs. This paper primarily focuses on these latter actors, following an interpretive and descriptive qualitative social research methodology. In particular, it takes NGOs for the core analysis, uncovering their legal personality within the broad generalisation of non-state actor taxonomy. This paper claims that although NGOs are not deemed to enjoy international legal personality, their relative power has been exercised considerably in various policy areas.

Keywords:

Non-governmental Organisations, Nation-state, World politics, Legal Personality,

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