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Endüstri 4.0 ve Ekonomiye Yansımaları Üzerine Algı Araştırması

Bugün modern ekonomi, hem teorik hem de tarihsel gelişimin seyrinde kırılmalar ve/veya dönüşümlerle, toplumun gelişiminin tarihsel ve ekonomik eğilimlerini analize odaklanmaktadır. Sanayi Devrimi’yle başlayan yeniliğin uzun dalga döngülerinin endüstri1.0’dan endüstri 4.0’a gelişimi yaratarak, üretim, tüketim, işgücü, eğitim ve teknolojinin hızla değiştiği, sektörler ve ülkeler arası bağlantıların farklılaştığı, dijitalleşmeyle eşgüdümlü yeni bir süreci tanımladığı düşünülmektedir. Endüstri 4.0 olarak adlandırılan süreç, gelişmiş teknoloji olanakları sayesinde üretimden kalkınmaya, pek çok alanda yarattığı etki bağlamında önem arz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan endüstri 4.0’ın tanımından doğan içerikler, özellikle ekonominin bütününü oluşturan yapı üzerinde entegrasyon sağlıyor olmasıyla, ekonomik alandaki etkinin büyüklüğüne de işaret etmektedir. Hem ekonomik kalkınmayı dengelemek hem de sosyal sorunla-rı çözmek amacıyla, bilim ve teknolojiyi hem farklı endüstrilere hem de sosyal hayata dahil ederek pek çok ekonomik-toplumsal-sosyal zorluğu çözümleyebilen bir toplum hedefi açısından geleceğin toplumu olarak ifade edilebilecek genç nüfusun endüstri 4.0 algı düzeyinin önemi gündeme gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, endüstri 4.0 ve endüstri 4.0’ın ekonomideki yansımaları doğrultusunda algı oluşumunun belirlenmesi adına nitel desende bir çalışmayla, SDÜ iktisat bölümü yeni mezunlarına anket (yarı yapılandırılmış) uygulamasıyla ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilere dayanarak çağrışım burçları tekniğiyle ana kavramlar belirlenerek diğer kavramlarla aralarındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmakta ve söz konusu kavramların birbirlerini birleştirici niteliğinin şematik gösterimi açısından da yöntem olarak olgu bilim deseni kullanılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre iş zekası, inovasyon, dijital dönüşüm, yapay zeka, girişimcilik, akıllı fabrika-üretim-ürün, eğitimde yenilikçi uygulamalar, Ar-Ge ve işbirliği gibi katılımcıların zihinlerinde öne çıkan kavramlar endüstri 4.0 ve ekonomiye yansımaları kapsamında yorumlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gelişme İktisadı, Endüstri 4.0, Sanayi Devrimleri, Algı Araştırması

A Research of Perception on Industry 4.0 and Its Reflections to Economy

Modern economics today focuses on the analysis of the historical and economic trends of the development of society, with breaks and/or transformations in the course of both theoretical and historical development. It is thought that the long-wave cycles of innovation that started with the Industrial Revolution created the development from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0, and that production, consump-tion, workforce, education and technology are changing rapidly, the connections between sectors and countries differ, and define a new process in coordination with digitalization. The process called Indus-try 4.0 is important in terms of its impact in many areas, from production to development, thanks to its advanced technology possibilities. In this respect, the contents arising from the definition of industry 4.0 indicate the magnitude of the impact in the economic field, especially as they provide integra-tion on the structure that constitutes the whole of the economy. The importance of the industry 4.0 perception level of the young population, which can be expressed as the society of the future, is emerging in terms of a society that can solve many economic-social-social difficulties by integrating science and technology in both different industries and social life in order to balance economic development and solve social problems. In this context, the aim of this study is to measure the perception formation in line with industry 4.0 and its the economic reflections. The study was conducted in the qualitative design and the data was received by using a semi-structured interview survey to the new graduates of economics in SDU. In the study, based on the data obtained in the study, the main notions are determined with the connotation sign technique. Phenomenology is also used as a method in terms of revealing the relationship between them with other notion and the schematic representation of the unifying nature of these notions. According to the analysis results, the main notions of mind and concept minds in the study such as business intelligence, innovation, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, entrepreneurship, smart factory-production-product, innovative application in education, R&D and collaboration have been interpreted within the scope of industry 4.0 and its reflections in economy.

Keywords:

Economics, Industry 4.0, Industrial Revolution, Research of Perception,

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