GÖRMEK İNANMAYA YETER Mİ? GÖRSEL DEZENFORMASYONUN AYIRT EDİCİ BİÇİMİ OLARAK SİYASİ DEEPFAKE İÇERİKLER

Yapay zekâ temelli iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi, insan ve makine arasındaki ilişkide, bilginin manipülasyonu noktasında önemli riskler taşımaktadır. Deepfake, söz konusu ilişkide oluşturulduğu teknolojinin ismi gibi “yapay” olmaktan uzaklaştığı ve gün geçtikte gerçek gibi algılandığı bir dünya yaratmaktadır. Temel olarak yapay zekâ destekli görsel dezenformasyon olarak tanımlanan deepfake, bilgiye içkin güvenilirlik sorunsalını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu nedenle dezenformasyon içerikli paylaşımların bilgi manipülasyonu konusundaki risklerini tartışan literatüre, görsel dezenformasyon biçimi olarak sayılabilen deepfake penceresinden bakmanın önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir. Deepfake, gerçek videolara çok benzeyen sentetik videoların seri üretimini mümkün hale getirmiştir. Türkiye dışında diğer ülkelerde siyasi söylem içeren deepfake videolara ulaşmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktası ise Türkiye’deki dezenformasyona ilişkin literatüre, deepfake bağlamında kapsamlı bir katkı sunmaktır. Buradan hareketle görsel dezenformasyonun bir biçimi olarak deepfake yaratma sürecinin temelini oluşturan teknoloji ele alınarak, deepfake teknolojisinin işitsel – görsel medyayı manipüle etmesini mümkün kılan yöntemler aktarılmış ve deepfake videoların nasıl işlediğini anlamayı sağlayacak bilgiler derlendikten sonra deepfake temelli manipülatif içeriklerin, siyasal iletişim bağlamındaki çıkmazları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Deepfake, görsel dezenformasyon, bilgi manipülasyonu, siyasal iletişim

IS SEEING ENOUGH TO BELIEVE? POLITICAL DEEPFAKE CONTENTS AS A DISTINCTIVE FORM OF VISUAL DISINFORMATION

The development of artificial intelligence-based communication technologies carries significant risks in the relationship between human and machine, in means of information manipulation. Deepfake creates a world where the technology in question is far from being “artificial”, as the name of the technology it has created and perceived as real day by day. Deepfake, which is defined as artificial intelligence-based visual disinformation, has brought the problem of reliability inherent to information. For this reason, it is deemed to evaluate the literature that discusses the risks of disinformation content sharing on information manipulation with a deepfake perspective, which can be considered as a form of visual disinformation. Deepfake has made it possible to mass-produce synthetic videos that are very similar to real videos. It has become possible to reach deepfake videos containing political discourse in countries other than Turkey. The starting point of this study is to present a comprehensive contribution in the context of the literature concerning the disinformation deepfake in Turkey. From this point of view, the technology that forms the basis of the deepfake creation process as a form of visual disinformation has been discussed, and the methods that enable deepfake technology to manipulate the audio-visual media are presented. After compiling the information that will enable us to understand how deepfake videos work, the dilemmas of deepfake-based manipulative contents in the special context of political communication are discussed.

Keywords:

Deepfake, visual disinformation, information manipulation, political communication,

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