Prusya Modelinden Post-modern Orduya: Arjantin ve Türkiye’de Ordu Kurumlarının Dönüşümü

Hem Arjantin hem de Türkiye’de asker sivil ilişkileri daima sorunlu olagelmiştir. Her iki ordu da yirminci yüzyıl boyunca siyasi alanda kendi belirleyici rollerini sürdürmek istiyorlardı. Bu tavır sıklıkla sert askeri darbelerle sonuçlanıyordu ve doğrudan askeri müdahalelerle her iki ordu da siyasetteki vesayetçi pozisyonlarını devam ettiriyorlardı. Ancak her iki ülkenin de üçüncü dalga demokratikleşmeyi tecrübe etmeye başladığı 1983 yılından itibaren, Türk ordusu, erki sivillere devretmesine rağmen, siyasetteki vesayetçi rolünü saklı tutarken, Arjantin ordusu hızlı bir kurumsal dönüşüme tabi oldu. Yakın zamanlara kadar Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri (TSK) Türk siyasetinin önemli bir parçasıydı. Bu makale her iki ordunun da tarihi köklerini takip et-mekte ve kendi tarihsel bağlamlarında ideolojik ve kurumsal dönüşümlerini incelemektedir. Bunu yaparken de her iki ülkedeki siyasi yansımaları ve değişimleri gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu çalışma karşılaştırmalı tarihsel sosyolojik yaklaşıma dayalıdır ancak sadece iki ülkeyi değil aynı zamanda her iki ülkenin tarihi ve çağdaş askeri anlayışlarını da karşılaştırmaktadır. Arjan-tin ve Türkiye gibi birbiriyle alakasız görünen iki ülkenin seçilmesinin arkasında yatan sebep, asker-sivil ilişkileri literatüründeki bölgeler-arası karşılaştırmalı analiz eksikliğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arjantin, postmodern ordu, Prusya modeli ordu, Alman nüfuzu, Türkiye

From Prussian Model to Post-Modern Military: The Transformation of Military Institutions in Argentina and Turkey

Civil-military relations in both Argentina and Türkiye have always been problematic. Both mili-taries wanted to keep their decisive role in the political arena throughout the 20th century. This tendency often resulted in brutal coup d’etats, and via direct military interventions, both armies kept their tutelary positions in politics. However, after 1983, the year both countries underwent the third wave of democratization, Argentina experienced rapid institutional changes in its mil-itary while the Turkish military kept its tutelary role in politics even if it had handed the power to the civilians. Until recently, the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) was an important component of Turkish politics. This article traces the roots of both militaries and investigates the ideologi-cal and institutional transformations in their historical contexts. While doing so, it also reveals the political repercussions and changes in both countries. This study is based on a comparative historical sociological approach but it does not only compares two countries but also compares each country’s historical and contemporary military setups. The idea behind choosing Argenti-na and Türkiye, two totally different contexts, is that there is a lack of interest in cross-regional comparative analysis in the civil-military relations literature.

Keywords:

Argentina, postmodern military, Prussian style military, German influence, Turkey,

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