Testimonia Koleksiyonları ve Hıristiyan Apolojetik-Polemik Eserlerdeki Şahit-Metinlerin Kullanımı

İlk Hıristiyanlar, Yahudilerin kutsal metinlerinden seçili pasajları listeler halinde derleyip adeta birer kutsal kitap mahiyetinde muhafaza etmişlerdir. Bu koleksiyonların içeriği incelendiğinde Yahudi karşıtı apolojetik-polemik karakteristik göze çarpmaktadır. Bununla birlikte küçük koleksiyonlar olarak nakledilegelen bu metin listelerinin kateşist eğitimde kullanıldığı da yaygın kabuller arasındadır. Hıristiyanlar delil-metinler arasından öne çıkan belirli pasajlara zamanla testimonia yani şahit-metin statüsü atfetmiş, böylece dolaşımda olan diğer delil-metinlere nispetle testimonia pasajları teolojik hakikatin yoruma dahi ihtiyaç duymayan şahitleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Testimonia koleksiyonlarını oluşturmak ve muhafaza etmek Hıristiyanlar için sadece teknik bir faaliyet olmamış, aynı zamanda erken dönem Hıristiyan teolojisini belirli merkezi pasajlar etrafında şekillendiren bir geleneğe dönüşmüştür. Bu geleneğin izleri ilk kilise babalarının eserlerinde görülmektedir. Nitekim sonraki Hıristiyanlar arasında da testimonia geleneğinin devam ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Grekçe, Latince ve Süryanice eserlerdeki testimonia pasajları Arapçaya tercüme edilerek Müslümanlara karşı yapılan gerek sözlü münazaralarda gerekse apolojetik-polemik eserlerde kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç farklı dönemlerde yaşamış Hıristiyan Arap yazarların eserlerinde öne çıkan Kitâb-ı Mukaddes alıntılarının testimonia geleneğiyle olan irtibatını incelemektir. İlk yüzyıllardan itibaren teolojik argümanlara eşlik eden bu şahit-metinlerin Hıristiyan yazarların Müslümanlara karşı kaleme aldıkları apolojileri ve polemiklerinde “kitaptan delil getirme” stratejisiyle birlikte nasıl kullanıldığı, yorumlandığı, önceki testimonia geleneğiyle kesişim noktaları ve farklılaşan hususları bu çalışmanın temel soruları olacaktır.

Testimonia Collections and Using Proof-text in Christian Apological Literature

The early Christians compiled lists of selected passages from the Jewish scriptures and preserved them as sacred writings. When the content of these extract collections is analysed, the anti-Jewish apologetic-polemic characteristic stands out. These extract collections were also used in catechist education. Over time, early Christians attributed the status of testimonia to certain passages that became prominent among other proof-texts, so that, compared to other circulating proof-texts, the testimonia passages were regarded as testimonials to the theological truth that did not even require interpretation. The creation and preservation of testimonia collections became not only a technical activity for Christians but also a tradition that shaped early Christian theology around certain central passages. Traces of this tradition can be seen in the works of the early church fathers and among later Christians. Greek, Latin and Syriac testimonia collections were translated into Arabic and used as sources of biblical proof-texts in both oral debates against Muslims and apologetic-polemical works. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the connection between the biblical quotations in the works of Christian Arab writers of different periods and the testimonia tradition. This study focuses on how biblical testimonia, which accompanied theological arguments from the first centuries onwards, were used and interpreted in Christian authors' apologetics and polemics against Muslims together with the strategy of "arguing from the book" and what are the similarities and differences in scriptural argumentation of Arab Christian authors compared to the previous testimonia tradition.

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