Abdulhalik BAKIR, Ebru Emine OĞUZ

Polonya'nın Tarihi Coğrafyası

Tüm bilimler, zaman zaman diğer farklı bilim dallarından yardım alarak ilerlemektedirler. Bu durum tarih ve coğrafya için de geçerli olup, iki bilim dalı arasında sıkı bir ilişki mevcuttur. Yaşanan olayların aktarılmasında, açıklanmasında insan, mekân olgularının önem arz etmesi nedeniyle, söz konusu iki disiplin arasında daima alışveriş gerçekleşmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle tarihin coğrafyasız, coğrafyanın ise tarihin desteği olmadan var olamayacağı açıktır. Zira zaman ve mekân bütünleşmiş kavramlar olup, onları birbirinden soyutlamak mümkün değildir. Tarih araştırmacılarının, olayları değerlendirirken yanlışlıklara sebep olmamak amacıyla coğrafi koşulları mutlaka göz önünde bulundurmaları gerekmektedir. Çünkü bir ülkenin fiziki koşulları, bitki örtüsü, iklimi, yeraltı ve yerüstü kaynakları o ülke halkını sosyal, ekonomik, dini, siyasi ve kültürel açılardan doğrudan etkilemektedir. Örneğin, bir ülkenin denize kıyısının bulunması ya da Polonya gibi geniş bir nehir ağına sahip olması, ülke nüfusunun yaşam şekline, dolayısıyla da ekonomik ve kültürel yaşamına yansımaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra sahip olunan yeraltı ve yerüstü zenginlikleri, ülkelerin refah seviyesini belirlerken, düşmanlıkların artmasına neden olarak, savaşlara yol açabilmekteydi. Kısaca, coğrafi faktörler sonucunda ortaya çıkan olanak veya olanaksızlıkların, olumlu ya da olumsuz yönlerden tarihi olayları büyük ölçüde etkilediğini ifade edebiliriz. Ağırlıklı olarak yabancı kaynaklar kullanarak hazırladığımız bu çalışmamızda, Polonya’nın tarihi coğrafyasının yanı sıra bazı önemli tarihi yerleşim birimlerini de ele almaya çalıştık. All types of sciences progress sometimes by getting help from other different branches of sciences. This is also true for history and geography; there is a close relationship between these two disciplines. Due to the importance of the terms of human, time and place in transferring and explaining the events, there is always an exchange between these two disciplines from this point of view, it is so clear that history can not exist without the support of geography, as does the geography. Because, time and place are integrated concepts and it is not possible to abstract them from each other. While evaluating the events, historical researchers have to take into account geographical conditions in order not to cause any mistakes. As the physical conditions, vegetations, climate, underground and aboveground resources of a country directly affect the people of it in social, economic, religious, political and cultural aspects. For instance, if a country had a coastline or river network such as Poland, this directly would reflect to the life style of the population of that country and hence to its economical and cultural life. In addition to that, the underground and aboveground wealthness could determine the welfare level of the countries and these possessions could of course cause increasing about the hostilities, thus lead to wars. Briefly, possibilities or impossibilities that emerged as a result of geographical factors have greatly affected historical events, either positively or negatively. In this study that we mainly prepared using foreign sources, we tried to deal with some important historical Settlement as well as the historical geography of Poland.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Merkezî Doğu Avrupa, Polonya, tarihi coğrafya, nehir, kent, East Central Europe, Poland, historical geography

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