TENİS OYUNUNUN İNTERNAL & EKSTERNAL OMUZ PROPRİYOSEPSİYONUNA VE OMUZ KAS KUVVETİNE ETKİSİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı tenis oyununun internal ve eksternal omuz propriyosepsiyonuna ve kas kuvvetine etkisini araştırmaktır. Tenise yeni başlayan 10 oyuncu ve bu oyunculara yaşıt 10 gönüllü sedanter birey çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcıların internal ve eksternal omuz kuvvet değerlendirmeleri izokinetik dinamometre ile 60°/sn hız ile ölçüldü. Propriyosepsiyon değerlendirmeleri yine izokinetik dinamometre ile ve pasif konumlandırmanın tekrarlanabilmesi esasına göre internal ve eksternal rotasyonda 15º ve 30º'lik eklem açılanmalarında ölçülmüştür. Bu değerlendirmeler 10 haftalık tenis eğitim programının öncesinde ve sonrasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, 10 haftalık tenis programının propriyosepsiyon değerlendirmeleri açısından herhangi bir istatistiksel farklılık yaratmadığı bulunmuştur. Bu programın sonunda dominant kolda sadece internal rotasyon kuvvetinde anlamlı bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Tenis gibi asimetrik olarak belirtilen sporlarda bu tür adaptasyonlar normal görünmekle birlikte omuz internal ve eksternal kuvvet oranın düşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu azalma glenohumeral eklem instabilitesi olarak algılanmalıdır. Başlangıç seviyesindeki tenis eğitim programlarına omuzun eksternal rotasyon kuvvetini destekleyen egzersizlerin eklenmesi önerilmektedir.

EFFECT OF PLAYING TENNIS ON SHOULDER INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ROTATION STRENGTH AND PROPRIOCEPTION

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of playing tennis on shoulder rotators strenght and proprioception.For this porpuse, ten beginner tennis players and 10 age matched sedentary controls voluntarily participated in this study. Shoulder internal and external rotators strength were evaluated by isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 60°/sec. Shoulder proprioception was also determined by isokinetic dynamometer and assessed by measuring reproduction of passive positioning at 15º and 30º joint angles in direction of internal and external rotation. Measurements were taken before and immediately after a ten-week tennis program. According to results, after a 10-week period, neither trained group nor the control group demonstrated significant differences in proprioceptive sense evaluations (p>0.05). Result supported that tennis program which continued for ten weeks has strenghtening effect on internal rotators especially on dominant shoulder (p< 0.05) This may lead to a lowering of the strength ratio on dominant shoulder. Asymmetric sports like tennis would result in such adaptations in dominant shoulders. The decrement in strength ratio could be characterized as glenohumeral joint instability. As a result, there should be emphasis on supplemental external strengthening exercises in the training program such group of beginner tennis players to maintain the glenohumeral stability.

PDF

___

1. Boyar, A., Salci, Y., Kocak, S. & Korkusuz F. "Shoulder proprioception in male adolescent tennis players and controls: The effet of shoulder position and dominance" Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 15. pp. 111-116, 2007.
2. Carpenter, J.E., Blaiser, R.B. & Pellizzon, G.G. "The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense" American Journal of Sports Medicine. 26. pp. 262-265, 1998.
3. Chandler, T.J., Kibler, B., Stracener, E.C., Ziegler, A.K. & Pace, B. "Shoulder strength, power, and endurance in college tennis players"American Journal of Sports Medicine. 20. pp. 455-458, 1992.
4. Colak, T., Bamac, B., Ozbek, A., Budak, F. & Bamac, Y.S. "Nerve conduction studies of upper extremities in tennis players" British Journal of Sports Medicine. 38. pp. 632-635, 2004.
5. Davies, G.J., A Compendium of isokinetics in clinical usage, LaCrosse, WI: S & S Publishers, 1992
6. Ellenbecker, T.S. "A total arm strength isokinetic profile of highly skilled tennis players" Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 1. pp. 9-21, 1991.
7. Ellenbecker, T.S. "Shoulder internal and external rotation strength and range of motion of highly skilled junior tennis players" Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2. pp. 1-8, 1992.
8. Ellenbecker, T.S. "Rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow injuries in tennis players" Clinics in Sports Medicine. 14. pp. 87-109, 1995.
9. Ellenbecker, T.S. & Davies, G.J. "The application of isokinetics in testing and rehabilitation of the shoulder complex" Journal of Athletic Training. 35. pp. 338-350, 2000.
10. Giacomo, G.D. & Ellenbecker, T. "The role of proprioception in shoulder disease"Journal of Medicine and Science in Tennis. 14. pp. 5-15, 2009.
11. Groppel, J., & DiNubile, N. "Tennis: For the health of it! "The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2. pp. 40- 50, 2009.
12. Groppel, J.L. & Roetert, E.P. "Applied physiology of tennis" Sports Medicine. 14. pp. 260-268, 1992. 13. Janwantanakul, P., Magarey, M.E., Jones, M.A., Grimmer, K.A. & Miles, T.S. "The effect of body orientation on shoulder proprioception" Physical Therapy in Sport. 4. pp. 67-73, 2003.
14. Kablan, N., Ertan, H., Unver, F., Kirazcı, S. & Korkusuz, F. "Factors affecting the shoulder proprioceptive sense among male volleyball players" Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 10. pp. 1-6, 2004.
15. Lephart, S.M. & Jari, R. "The role of proprioception in shoulder instability"Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. 10. pp. 2-4, 2002.
16. Lephart, S.M., Pincivero, D.M., Giraldo, J.L. & Fu, F.H. "The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries" American Journal of Sports Medicine. 25. pp. 130-137, 1997.
17. Mont, M.A., Cohen, D.B., Campbell, K.R., Gravare, K. & Mathur, S.K. "Isokinetic concentric versus eccentric training of shoulder rotators with functional evaluation of performance enhancement in elite tennis players" American Journal of Sports Medicine. 22. pp. 513-517, 1994.
18. Myers, J.B. & Lephart, S.M. "Sensorimotor deficits contributing to glenohumeral instability" Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 400. pp. 98- 104, 2002.
19. Pedersen, J., Lönn, J., Hellström, F., Djupsjöbacka, M. & Johansson, H. "Localized muscle fatigue decreases the acuity of the movement sense in the human shoulder" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 31. pp. 1047-1052, 1998.
20. Pluim, B.M., Staal, J.B., Marks, B.L., Miller, S. & Miley, D. "Health benefits of tennis" British Journal of Sports Medicine. 41. pp. 760-768, 2007.
21. Swanik, K.A., Lephart, S.M., Swanik, C.B., Lephart, S.P., Stone, D.A. & Fu, F.H. "The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics" Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 11. pp. 579-586, 2002.
22. Warner, J.P., Lephart, S. & Fu, F.H. "Role of proprioception in pathoetiology of shoulder instability" Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 330. pp. 35-39, 1996.