Necmettin GÜNEŞ, Zülfü Çınar ULUCAN, Ali Sayıl ERDOĞAN

8036

YAKIN FAY YER HAREKETLERİNİN YÖN ETKİSİ

Performansa dayalı tasarımın temel amacı yer hareketine maruz yapılarda yapısal talebin belirlenebilmesidir. Yapısal talebin doğru belirlenebilmesi, yer hareketi özelliklerinin ve bunlarla yapısal talep arasındaki ilişkinin doğru tanımlanabilmesini gerektirmektedir. Son yıllarda faylara yakın bölgelerde elde edilen kayıtların diğer kayıtlara göre önemli farklılıklar içerdiği görülmüştür. İleri doğrultu ve ötelenme etkileri bu yer hareketlerini farklılaştıran ve hasar potansiyellerini arttıran temel özelliklerdir. İleri doğrultu etkisi fayın kırılma yüzeyine dik yönde meydana gelir ve bu yer hareketlerinin hasar potansiyelleri artırır. Ancak her kayıtın faya dik ve paralel yönlerini belirleyebilmek, fiziki imkansızlıklar nedeniyle, mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle etkili yönlerin belirlenebilmesi önemlidir. Literatürde maksimum hız yönü önerilen etkili yönlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada göreli kat ötelenmesi spektrum şiddeti ve spektral hızın maksimum yönlerinin de etkili yönlerden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Maksimum hız yönünün etkinliği yer hareketinin atım periyodunun yapı periyodu oranına bağlı olduğu, bu oranın büyük olduğu durumlarda maksimum ivme yönü hasar potansiyelinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yakın Fay, yer hareketleri, ileri doğrultu etkisi, yön etkisi

DIRECTION EFFECT OF NEAR FAULT GROUND MOTIONS

The main objective of Performance Based Design is determining the structural demands for earthquake loadings. For a good estimation of structural demands, the relation between ground motion parameters and structural demands must be known. Near fault ground motions are significantly different from far field ground motions. Depending on the fault mechanism, ground motions may contain distinct pulse in velocity and permanent displacement in displacement records. These are increase the near fault ground motions damage potential. Forward directivity occurs in faults normal direction and damage potential of this ground motions are high. But for all records, psychically, it is not possible to determine the fault-normal and fault-parallel directions. In literature, to overcome this complexity the maximum velocity direction has been proposed. In this study in addition to maximum velocity direction two new directions, maximum drift spectrum intensity and maximum spectral velocity, were determined which are very effective as fault-normal direction. The efficiency of maximum velocity direction depends on ratio of pulse period to structural period. In the case of high value of this ratio, the maximum acceleration ratio is more destructive.
Keywords:

Near Fault, ground motions, directivity effect, direction effect,

PDF

___

  • [1] STEWART, J.P., CHOU, S., BRAY, J.D., GRAVES, R.W., SOMERVILLE, P.G., and ABRAHAMSON, N.A., Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance Based Design, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Peer Report, University of California,Berkeley, 2001.
  • [2] MAVROEIDIS, G.P., PAPAGEORGIOU , A.S., "A Mathematical Representation of Near-Fault Ground Motions", Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 93(3), 2003.
  • [3] GÜLKAN, P., AKKAR, S., "Demand and Capacity Requirement Implication from Near-Fault Ground Motions", 5th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, 26-30, May 2003.
  • [4] GHAYAMGHAMIN, M.R., "Directional Damage Due to Near-Fault and Site Effects in the M6.4 Changureh-Ajav Eartquake of 22 June 2002", Journal of Seismology, 11, 39-57, 2007.
  • [5] SHABESTARI,K.T., YAMAZAKI,F., "Near-Fault Spatial Variation in Strong Ground Motion due to Rupture Directivity and Hanging Wall Effects from the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 32, 2197-2219, 2003.
  • [6] ABRAHAMSON , N., Near Fault Ground Motions, University at Buffalo Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Student Chapter, Buffalo, USA, 2001.
  • [7] BRAY, D.J., "Characterization of Forward-Directivity Ground Motions in the Near-Fault Region", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24,815-824, 2004.
  • [8] BOUCHON, M., BOUIN, M.P., KARABULUT, H.,TOKSÖZ, M.N., DIETRICH, M., and ROSAKIS, A.J., "How Fast is Rupture During an Earthquake? New Insights from the 1999 Turkey Earthquakes, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2723-2726, 2001.
  • [9] SOMERVILLE, P.G., SMITH, N.F., "Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity", Seismological Research Letters, 68, 199-222, 1997.
  • [10] IWAN,W.D., "Drift Spectrum: Measure of Demand for Earthquake Ground Motions", Journal of Structural Engineering , 397-404, 1997.
  • [11] HOUNG, C.T., CHENG, S.S., "Near-Field Characteristics and Engineering Implication of the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake", Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, 2 (1), 23-41, 2000.
  • [12] AKKAR, S., GÜLKAN,P., "Comparative Performance Evaluation of Displacement Based Design Procedures for Near Field Earthquakes", 12th World Earthquake Engineering Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, 2000.
  • [13] SOMERVILLE , P., "Characterizing Near Fault Ground Motion for the Design and Evaluation of Bridges, 4th National Seismic Conference & Workshop on Bridge & Highways, Portland , Oregon, USA, 2002.
  • [14] CHOPRA, A.K., and CHINTANAPAKDEE, C., Inelastic deformation ratios for design and evaluation of structures : Single degree of freedom bilinear systems, Earthquake Engineering Research Centers Report, Reports No:2003-09, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 2003.
  • [15] SOMERVILLE, P., "Characterization of Near-Fault Ground Motion", U.S.-Japan Workshop on the Effects of Near-Field Earthquake Shaking, San Francisco, California, USA, 2000.
  • [16] GÜNEŞ, N., Yakın Fay Yer Hareketleri ve Performansa Dayalı Tasarıma Uyarlanmaları, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, 2009.
  • [17] MOLAS, G. L., F. YAMAZAKI, "Neural Networks for Quick Earthquake Damage Estimation", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 24, 1995.
  • [18] CHOPRA, A.K., CHINTANAPAKDEE, C., "Comparing Response of SDF Systems to Near-Fault and FarFault Earthquake Motions in the Context of Spectral Regions", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 30, 2001.
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2564-6605
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2017
  • Yayıncı: Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

TÜRKİYE’DE ENDÜSTRİYEL ATIKSULARDA TOKSİSİTE İZLEME YÖNTEMİNİN ATIKSU PARAMETRELERİ İLE İSTATİSTİKSEL İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ

Elif Burcu BAHADIR, Süreyya MERİÇ PAGANO

STURM-LIOUVILLE OPERATÖRÜNÜN SAYISAL ÖZDEĞERLERİ

Güldem YILDIZ

YAKIN FAY YER HAREKETLERİNİN YÖN ETKİSİ

Necmettin GÜNEŞ, Zülfü Çınar ULUCAN, Ali Sayıl ERDOĞAN