PATLATMA KAYNAKLI YER SARSINTISININ TAHMİNİ VE İNSANLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ OLASI ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu çalışma literatürde nispi olarak az yer bulmuş olan patlatma kaynaklı yer sarsıntısının insanlar üzerindeki etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Öncelikle İstanbul bölgesinde bulunan bir agrega ocağında patlatma kaynaklı yer sarsıntısı ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu ölçümler kullanılarak dokuz farklı yer sarsıntısı tahmin denklemi oluşturulmuştur. En uygun tahmin denkleminin seçimi için mutlak hata, yüzde hata ve ölçekli hata ölçütleri kullanılmıştır. Küp kök ölçekli mesafe konseptine dayanan denklemin en başarılı denklem olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Seçilen denklem ile mesafelere göre yer sarsıntısı tahmini gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tahmin edilen değerler göz önüne alınarak yer sarsıntısının insanlar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Yer sarsıntısı seviyelerini değerlendirmek için parçacık hızı, frekans ve sarsıntı süresini birlikte kullanan kriterin daha güvenilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ek olarak, kazık çakma faaliyeti için geliştirilen bir yaklaşımın, patlatma kaynaklı yer sarsıntısı değerlendirilirken alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği öngörülmüştür. Son olarak çalışılan ocakta belirli yer sarsıntısı limit değerlerinin altında kalmak için kullanılabilecek patlayıcı miktarları hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Patlatma, yer sarsıntısı, insan tepkileri, tahmin hatası

PREDICTION OF BLAST INDUCED GROUND VIBRATION AND EVALUATION OF PROBABLE HUMAN RESPONSE

This study focuses on a relatively neglected topic of the effect of the blast induced vibrations on humans. The vibration monitoring was performed in an Istanbul region quarry. Nine different predictor equations were created for ground vibration. Absolute errors, percentage errors and scaled errors were applied to determine the most successful equation. The equation, which relies on cube root scaled distance concept, was determined as most successful predictor. The blast vibration was estimated by the selected equation considering the measurement distance. Human response to ground vibration was evaluated based on the predicted values. The criterion, which considers particle velocity, frequency and vibration duration together, was found to be reliable for evaluation. Additionally, a criterion proposed for pile driving was suggested for evaluation of blast induced ground vibration. The amount of maximum instantaneous explosive charge was calculated to meet the requirements of the vibration limits for the studied quarry.

Keywords:

Blasting, vibration, human response, prediction error,

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