Mutfak atıklarının bahçe tipi kompostlaştırma sistemleri ile kaynağında yönetimi

Yapılan çalışmada yemek hazırlama aşamasında oluşan mutfak atıklarının bahçe tipi basit sistemlerle kompostlaştırılması incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda boyutları 0.7m x 0.7m x 1.1m (R1) ve 0.6m x 0.6m x 1.1m (R2) olan iki adet reaktör kurulmuş ve 7 hafta müddetince işletilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, reaktörlerdeki sıcaklık profili incelendiğinde R1 reaktörü için ölçülen en yüksek sıcaklık 50⁰C olurken, R2 reaktöründe gözlemlenen azami sıcaklık 70⁰C civarında olmuştur. Nihai üründeki pH değeri her bir reaktör için ~8.85 olurken, elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ) değerleri R1 ve R2 reaktörleri için sırasıyla 1.58 ve 2.17 dS/m olmuştur. Elde edilen kompostta, R1 ile R2 reaktörleri için karbon/azot (C/N) oranları sırasıyla 30 ve 25 olmuşken, (C/N)son/(C/N)başlangıç değerleri ise sırasıyla 0.70 ve 0.56 olarak bulunmuştur. Hesaplanan C/N oranları kararlı bir kompost için bir miktar yüksek olmakla beraber (>20), (C/N)son/(C/N)başlangıç değerleri elde edilen ürünün kararlı sayılabileceğini göstermiştir. Nihai su muhtevası oranı R1 reaktöründen elde edilen kompost için %65, R2 reaktöründen elde edilen kompost için ise %74 olmuştur. Son üründeki uçucu katı madde/toplam katı madde (UKM/TKM) oranı ise R1 ve R2 reaktörleri için sırasıyla %70 ve %73 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yapılan çalışmaya göre, bahçe tipi kompostlaştırma sistemlerinin genel bir özelliği sayılabilecek uzun bekletme sürelerinin de yardımıyla elde edilen kompostun patojenler açısından zararsız ve arazide uygulanabilir faydalı bir ürün olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bahçe tipi kompostlaştırma, Karbon/azot oranı, Kompost, Mutfak atıkları, Sıcaklık profili

Kitchen waste management at source by yard composting systems

In the study, the composting of kitchen wastes generated during the meal preparation stage with yard-type simple systems was investigated. In this context, two reactors with dimensions of 0.7m x 0.7m x 1.1m (R1) and 0.6m x 0.6m x 1.1m (R2) were installed and operated for 7 weeks. At the end of the study, when the temperature profile in the reactors was examined, the highest temperature measured for the R1 reactor was 50⁰C, while the maximum temperature observed in the R2 reactor was around 70⁰C. While the pH value in the final product was ~8.85 for both reactors, the electrical conductivity values were 1.58 and 2.17 dS/m for the R1 and R2 reactors, respectively. In the compost obtained, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios for the R1 and R2 reactors were 30 and 25, respectively, while the (C/N)final/(C/N)initial values were found to be 0.70 and 0.56, respectively. Although the calculated C/N ratios are somewhat elevated for a stable compost (>20), (C/N)final/(C/N)initial values indicated that the obtained product can be considered stable. The final water content ratio was 65% for the compost obtained from the R1 reactor and 74% for the compost from the R2 reactor. The volatile solids/total solids (VS/TS) ratio in the final product was 70% and 73% for the R1 and R2 reactors, respectively. According to the study, it was concluded that the compost obtained with the help of long residence times, which can be considered a general characteristic of yard-type composting systems, can be a beneficial product that is harmless in terms of pathogens and can be applied in the field.

Keywords:

Carbon/nitrogen ratio, Compost, Temperature profile, Yard composting, Kitchen wastes,

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