YAŞLANMA ÇALIŞMALARINDA YÖNTEMSEL SORUNLAR: TEMEL KAVRAMLAR VE ÖRNEKLER

Gelişim bilimin odak noktası, döllenmeden ölüme kadar olan süreçteki biyolojik, bilişsel ve sosyo-duygusal gelişimin yaşla birlikte nasıl bir örüntü izlediğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bununla birlikte, gelişimin ağırlıklı olarak çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde ortaya çıktığına dair yaygın inanış nedeniyle yaşlanma alanı ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar uzun yıllar boyunca ihmal edilmiştir. Buna karşın, günümüzde gittikçe daha fazla sayıdaki araştırmacı çalışmalarının örneklem grubuna yaşlı bireyleri dâhil etmiş ve dolayısıyla bu alandaki çalışmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle değişken türleri ile ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra, yaşlanma araştırmalarında kullanılan ölçüm yöntemleri ile araştırma desenlerine değinilmiş, örnekler ile temel kavram ve konuların bir özeti sunulmuştur. Daha spesifik olarak, bu çalışmada öncelikle bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler ile birlikte aracı ve düzenleyici değişkenler tanımlanarak ölçüm yöntemlerine (örneğin sistematik gözlem) değinilmiştir. Daha sonra ise tanımlayıcı, ardışık ve ilişkisel desenler hakkında bilgi sunularak avantajları ve dezavantajları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada verilen örneklerin ve sunulan araştırma bulgularının özellikle yaşlanma çalışmalarından olmasına önem gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ, YAŞLANMA ÇALIŞMALARI, DEĞİŞKEN TÜRLERİ, ARAŞTIRMA DESENLERİ

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