DNA Damage in Fish Due to Pesticide Pollution

DNA Damage in Fish Due to Pesticide Pollution

Toxic contaminants, including pesticides, microplastics, and heavy metals, have a significant impact on aquatic life and other aquatic species. These pollutants come from anthropogenic sources such as crop growing, industrial operations, effluent, residential wastewater, and leaching, as well as environmental events like storms, floods, and seismic processes. Pesticides, particularly pesticides, have been shown to have detrimental effects on aquatic ecology, causing decreased growth, restricted larvae and embryo development, and dysfunction in primary organs like the gill, liver, kidney, and gonad. Genotoxicity from pesticide exposure raises safety concerns, as prolonged exposure can lead to oxidative stress, mutagenicity, and cellular apoptosis. Pesticide exposure can lead to elevated levels, even without measurable concentrations in biological matrices. The toxicity of pesticides directly affects aquatic life, leading to high mortality rates or the complete elimination of species that serve as their food source.To maintain the well-being of aquatic organisms, particularly fish, and protect aquatic ecosystems, it is crucial to investigate safe, acceptable, and efficient alternatives to pesticides. In this study, we focuses on the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes induced by pesticide exposure and highlights strategies for mitigating the adverse impacts of pesticides on fish. Further investigation is needed to determine species suitability for toxicity detection, an essential aspect of monitoring aquatic environments for agricultural pesticides.

___

  • Bhatnagar, A., Yadav, A. S., & Cheema, N. (2016). Genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala using micronucleus assay. Advances in Biology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9276963.
  • Chanu, K. R., Mangang, Y. A., Debbarma, S., & Pandey, P. K. (2023). Effect of glyphosate-based herbicide roundup on hemato-biochemistry of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29967-8.
  • David, E., Eleazu, C., Igweibor, N., Ugwu, C., Enwefa, G., & Nwigboji, N. (2019). Comparative study on the nutrients, heavy metals and pesticide composition of some locally produced and marketed rice varieties in Nigeria. Food Chemistry, 278, 617-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.100.
  • Ergenler, A., & Turan, F. (2022). Assessment of the genotoxic effect of thiamethoxam in Cyprinus carpio by the micronucleus and Comet assays. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 28(1), 66-77.
  • Ilavazhahan, M., Tamil, S. R., & Jayaraj, S. S. (2010). Determination of LC50 of the bacterial pathogen, pesticide and heavy metal for the fingerling of freshwater fish Catla catla, Global Journal of Environmental Research 4(2), 76-82.
  • Jia, M., E, Z., Zhai, F., & Bing, X. (2020). Rapid multi-residue detection methods for pesticides and veterinary drugs. Molecules, 25(16), 3590. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163590.
  • Li, H., Yu, S., Cao, F., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, X., & Qiu, L. (2018). Developmental toxicity and potential mechanisms of pyraoxystrobin to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 151, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.061.
  • Liang, Y., Li, J., Lin, Q., Huang, P., Zhang, L., Wu, W., & Ma, Y. (2017). Research progress on signaling pathway-associated oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 7156941 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7156941.
  • Mazur, I., Baran, P. A., Kasprzak, P. M., Tszydel, M., & Błońska, D. (2023). Development of a Method of Analysing TNT and its Derivatives in the Trichoptera Larvae of the Genus Hydropsyche Angustipennis, Curtis 1834, Selected as a Bioaccumulation Indicator for the Detection of Aquatic Environment Pollution with Explosive Residues. Problemy Mechatroniki: uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa, 14 (3) : 77-94. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8821.
  • Nagaraju, Y., Triveni, S., Reddy, R. S., & Vidyasagar, B. (2017). Screening of Potassium Releasing Rhizospheric Isolates for Agrochemicals Compatibility. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.042
  • Nwani, C. D., Ugwu, D. O., Okeke, O. C., Onyishi, G. C., Ekeh, F. N., Atama, C., & Eneje, L. O. (2013). Toxicity of the chlorpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos®: effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 38(3), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2013.780153.
  • Prashanth, M. S. (2011). Histopathological changes observed in the kidney of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) exposed to cypermethrin. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(2), 59-65.
  • Prathiksha, J., Narasimhamurthy, R. K., Dsouza, H. S., & Mumbrekar, K. D. (2023). Organophosphate pesticide-induced toxicity through DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms. Molecular Biology Reports, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08424-2.
  • Satyavardhan, K. (2013). A comparative toxicity evaluation and behavioral observations of fresh water fishes to FenvalerateTM. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(2), 133-136.
  • Sherif, M., Makame, K. R., Östlundh, L., Paulo, M. S., Nemmar, A., Ali, B. R., ... & Ádám, B. (2023). Genotoxicity of occupational pesticide exposures among agricultural workers in arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxics, 11(8), 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080663.
  • Stanley, J., Preetha, G., Stanley, J., & Preetha, G. (2016). Pesticide toxicity to fishes: exposure, toxicity and risk assessment methodologies. Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms: Exposure, Toxicity and Risk Assessment Methodologies, 411-497.
  • Teng, Y., Chen, X., Jin, Y., Yu, Z., & Guo, X. (2022). Influencing factors of and driving strategies for vegetable farmers' green pesticide application behavior. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 907788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.907788.
  • Turan, F., & Ergenler, A. (2022). Investigation of the Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Cyprinus carpio Using the Micronucleus Analysis and the Comet Assay. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 8(2), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1037906.
  • Turan, F., & Ergenler, A. (2023). The Genotoxic Damage in Cyprinus carpio Exposed to Abamectin. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 8(2), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1338147.
  • Turan, F., Karan, S., & Ergenler, A. (2020). Effect of heavy metals on toxicogenetic damage of European eels Anguilla anguilla. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 38047-38055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09749-2.
  • Ullah, S., & Zorriehzahra, M. J. (2015). Ecotoxicology: a review of pesticides induced toxicity in fish. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1), 40-57.
  • Wang, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Qin, Y., Yan, B., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2021). A comprehensive review of strobilurin fungicide toxicity in aquatic species: emphasis on mode of action from the zebrafish model. Environmental Pollution, 275, 116671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116671.