Effectiveness of GNSS-based tractor auto steering systems in crop spraying

Aims: This study aimed to compare pass-to-pass overlaps and spacings in adjacent parallel passes in spraying with and without tractor automatic steering (AS). Methods and Results: The data were obtained from 13 farmer fields (cotton, corn and peanut) to assess the performance of AS systems in real farmer conditions. Root mean square errors (RMSE) of overlaps and spacings were determined on the maps generated from the coordinates of the tractor recorded while spraying. Variations between the fields were also examined. The RMSE was lowest (7.5 ± 1.7 cm) in the fields on which farmers used AS (with RTK correction signal) in all three operations of tillage, sowing and spraying. RMSE values were comparatively higher for the fields on which farmers used AS only in ridge tillage but not in sowing and spraying (CORS-GSM: 46.1 ± 6.5 cm, SBAS: 76.5 ± 13.9 cm). The fields with manually-steered ridge tillage, sowing and spraying (all three) had the highest RMSE value of 100.8 ± 27.8 cm (p

İlaçlama işleminde GNSS esaslı traktör otomatik dümenleme sistemlerinin etkinliği

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, traktör otomatik dümenleme (OD) sistemi ile ve manuel dümenleme ile yapılan ilaçlamada yan yana paralel geçişlerdeki örtüşme ve boşluk miktarları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Veriler, OD sistemlerinin gerçek çiftçi koşullarındaki performansını değerlendirmek için 13 çiftçi tarlasından (pamuk, mısır ve yerfıstığı) elde edilmiştir. İlaçlama sırasında traktörün izlediği noktaların koordinatları kayıt altına alınmış, bu noktalardan oluşturulan haritalar üzerinden ortalama örtüşme ve boşluk hata değerleri (Hataların ortalama kare kökü; Root mean square error: RMSE) belirlenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Tarlalar arasındaki değişkenlik de incelenmiştir. RMSE değerinin çiftçilerin sırta toprak işleme, ekim ve ilaçlama işlemlerinin her üçünde OD kullandığı (RTK düzeltme sinyaliyle) tarlalarda en düşük değerde (7.5 ± 1.7 cm) olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çiftçilerin sadece sırta toprak işlemeyi OD sistemiyle, ekim ve ilaçlamayı manuel olarak (OD kullanmadan) yaptığı tarlalarda ortalama hata değerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (CORS-GSM: 46.1 ± 6.5 cm, SBAS: 76.5 ± 13.9 cm). Sırta toprak işleme, ekim ve ilaçlamanın hepsinin manuel dümenleme ile yapıldığı tarlalarda ise ortalama hata değerinin en yüksek düzeyde olduğu (100.8 ± 27.8 cm) görülmüştür (p

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