Zeytinde Alternans ve Kimyasal Seyreltme Uygulamaları

Zeytinde alternans konusunun ele alındığı bu derlemede, alternansın zeytin yetiştiriciliği üzerine etkisi ve alternansla başa çıkma yöntemleri son literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda irdelenmiştir. Alternansla mücadele yöntemleri arasında en etkili ve en pratiği olan kimyasal seyreltme hakkındaki son gelişmeler bir araya getirilmiştir. Derlemede, 2021 yılı ve öncesinde zeytinde gerçekleştirilen kimyasal seyreltme çalışmaları farklı veritabanları kullanılarak taranarak bir arada sunulmuştur. Kaynak taramaları sonucunda, konuyla direkt ilgili 20 tane bilimsel araştırma makalesine erişim sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada ele alındığı gibi alternans nedeniyle, zeytin üretimi yıllara göre değişkenlik gösteren dalgalı bir seyir izlemektedir. Her ne kadar zeytin, genetik olarak periyodisiteye yatkın olmasına rağmen, bahçecilik uygulamaları ile yönetilebilir ve kontrol edilebilir; bu anlamda zeytinde kimyasal meyve seyreltmesi en çok kullanılan yöntemdir. NAA, NAAm, Ethephon, Üre ve GA3 zeytinde kimyasal seyreltme amacıyla kullanılan kimyasal maddelerin en çok tercih edilenlerindendir. Yapılan kimyasal uygulamaların başarısını, kullanılan kimyasallar, onların dozları, uygulama zamanları ve onlarla bağlantılı pek çok faktör etkiler. Bu faktörlerin başında ağacın yaşı, çeşidi, fizyolojik durumu ve iklim koşulları (özellikle sıcaklık), tam çiçeklenme zamanı, genç meyve dönemi gelmektedir. Kimyasal seyreltme ile ilgili yayınlara baktığımızda ülkemizdeki çalışmaların yurt dışındaki çalışmalara göre daha az sayıda olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum, ülkemizde kimyasal seyreltme konusunda hala bazı endişelerin olmasıyla ilişkilendirilebilir. “Çevre dostu” kimyasalların mevcudiyeti bu endişelerin azaltılmasında ve çevrenin korunmasında faydalı olacak ve üreticiler ekonomik olarak zarar görmeyecektir. Bunun bir yansıması olarak, son yıllarda tüm dünyada kimyasal madde kullanımında çevreyle dost kimyasal maddelere itibarın artması yükselen bir trend olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zeytin, alternans, periyodisite, kimyasal seyreltme, derleme

Alternate Bearing and Chemical Thinning Applications in Olives

In this review, in which the subject of alternance in olives is discussed, the effect of alternance on olive cultivation and the methods of coping with alternans are examined in line with the latest literature. The latest developments in chemical dilution, which is the most effective and most practical among alternative methods of combating alternance, are brought together. Chemical dilution studies on olives conducted in 2021 and before were searched for and presented in this review using various databases. As a result of the literature review, access to 20 scientific research articles directly related to the subject was provided. Because of the alternate bearing discussed in the study, olive production follows a cyclical pattern. Despite the fact that the olive is genetically predisposed to alternate bearing, it can be managed and controlled through horticultural practices; in this regard, chemical fruit thinning is the most commonly used method in olives. NAA, NAAm, Ethephon, Urea and GA3 are among the most preferred chemicals used for chemical dilution in olives. Chemicals used, their doses, application times and many factors related to them affect the success of chemical applications. These factors include the tree’s age, variety, physiological condition and climatic conditions (particularly temperature), full flowering time, and young fruiting period. When we look at the publications on chemical dilution, it is striking that the studies in our country are fewer in number than the studies abroad. This situation can be associated with the fact that there are still some concerns about chemical dilution in our country. The availability of “environmentally friendly” chemicals will be beneficial in reducing these concerns and protecting the environment, and producers will not suffer economically. As a result, there has been an increase in the use of chemicals all over the world in recent years, with an increasing reputation for environmentally friendly chemicals.

Keywords:

Olive, Alternate bearing, Periodicity, Chemical thinning, Review,

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