Yelda AYRIM, Gülin Feryal CAN

İŞ YÜKÜ MİNİMİZASYONUNU HEDEFLEYEN ERGONOMİK BİR İŞÇİ ATAMA MODELİ ÖNERİSİ

Çalışanların fiziksel ve zihinsel kapasiteleri üretim verimliliğini etkileyen enönemli faktörler arasındadır. Fiziksel ve zihinsel kapasitenin sınırları insan olarakyapısal özelliklerin yanı sıra iş ortamının koşullarından da etkilenmektedir. Bukoşullar, aydınlatma, gürültü, havalandırma, titreşim gibi iş ortamının fizikselözellikleridir. Söz konusu özellikler, çalışanın performansını ve üstesindengelebileceği iş yükü seviyesini olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir.Üretimde verimliliğin sağlanabilmesi için çalışanların kapasitelerine uygun iş yüküseviyelerine sahip olan işlere atanmaları gerekmektedir. İş yükü seviyesi fazlaolduğu zaman çalışan, erken dönemde yorulmaktadır. Yorgunluk, solunum,dolaşım, kas-iskelet sistemi, merkezi sinir sistemi gibi vücudun temelfonksiyonlarını yürüten sistemlerde zorlanmaya sebep olmaktadır. Yorgunlukuzun süre devam ettiğinde ise işe devamsızlıklar, kalite düzeyinde düşüşler, işkazaları gibi olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Yorgunluk aynı zamandaçalışanın motivasyonunu da düşürmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, üretimmiktarı, birlikte çalışılan yükün ağırlığı, iş ortamındaki sıcaklık, aydınlatma,gürültü ve çalışma duruşu faktörlerini dikkate alan ve iş yükü en küçüklemesinihedefleyen bir işçi atama modeli önerilmiştir. Önerilen model, bir reklamfirmasının kutu harf üretim alanında gerçekleştirilen işlere çalışanların atanmasıamacıyla kullanılmış ve böylece zorlanma düzeyini en küçükleyen bir atamanınyapılması sağlanmıştır.

AN ERGONOMIC WORKER ASSIGNMENT MODEL THAT AIMS TO MINIMIZE THE WORKLOAD

The physical and mental capacities of employees are one of the most important factors affecting production efficiency. The boundaries of the physical and mental capacities are influenced by the conditions of the working environment as well as the structural characteristics of the human being. These are the physical characteristics of the work environment, such as lighting, noise, ventilation, vibration. These characteristics affect the performance of the employee and the level of workload that he or she can overcome, either positively or negatively. In order to achieve productivity in production, employees need to be assigned to jobs having appropriate workload levels for their capacities When the workload level is high, worker fatigue occurs at the early stage of the work. Fatigue causes strain in respiration system, circulation system, musculoskeletal system, central nervous system carrying out the basic functions of the body, as the body's basic functions. When fatigue continues for a long time, negative results such as absenteeism, decline in quality level and work accidents can occur. Fatigue also reduces employee motivation. In this context, a worker assignment model aiming workload minimization has been proposed that takes into consideration the factors such as the amount of production, the weight of the workload to be worked together, the temperature, lighting, noise level of working area and working posture. The proposed model was used to assign employees to jobs performed in the field of box letter manufacturing of an advertising firm to make possible to utilize an assignment that minimizes the level of strain.

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