GSM Baz İstasyonlarının Elektromanyetik Güç Yoğunluğu’nun Lagrange İnterpolasyon Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Gezgin haberleşme sistemleri insan hayatında önemli bir rol oynamakta ve bu rolün önemi insan sayısındaki artışla ortantılı olmaktadır. Raporlar, gezgin haberleşme sistemlerinin kullanımına ve nüfus artışına paralel olarak baz istasyonu sayılarının da arttığını göstermektedir. Baz istasyonu gücünün belirlenmesi özellikle kalabalık şehirler için çok önemlidir. Baz istasyonlarının olası tıbbi etkilerinden dolayı insanların baz istasyonlarından ne kadar etkilendiğini bilme hakları vardır. Bu nedenle 120 baz istasyonunun radyasyon seviyesi baz istasyonlarından 20, 40 ve 60 metre mesafelerde 900 MHz frekansında ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, rastgele ara mesafeler için elektromanyetik seviyenin gücünü tahmin etmek için lagrange interpolasyon yöntemi uygulanmış ve her mesafe için 0,99'un üzerinde korelasyon elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Lagrange Enterpolasyon, Elektromanyetik Güç, 900MHz, GSM, Baz İstasyonu

Determining the Electromagnetic Power Density of GSM Base Stations by Using Lagrange Interpolation Approach

Mobile communication systems are playing an important role in human life and the importance of this role depends on the increase in the number of people. Reports show that the numbers of base stations are getting increasing in parallel to use of mobile communication systems and population growth. Determining the base station strength is very important especially for the crowded cities. Because of the possible medical effects of base stations, people have the right to know how much is affected by base stations. Therefore, radiation level of 120 base stations have been measured 20, 40 and 60 meters distances from base stations at the frequency of 900 MHz. In this study, the lagrange interpolation method is applied to estimate the strength of electromagnetic level for random intermediate distances and, above 0.99 correlation was achieved for each distance.

Keywords:

Lagrange interpolation, Electromagnetic Power, 900MHz, GSM, Base Station,

PDF

___

N. Leitgeb, J. Schröttner, M. Böhm and W. “Does, Electromagnetic pollution cause illness?”, Medizinische Wochenschrift, vol. 155, no. 9-10, pp. 237-241, 2005.
A. Balmori “Electromagnetic pollution from phone masts. Effects on wildlife”, Pathophysiology, vol. 16, no. 2–3, pp. 191–199, 2009.
O. Uygunol, S.S. Durduran “Gsm Baz İstasyonlarında Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Haritalarının Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (Cbs) Yardımıyla Oluşturulması; Konya Örneği”, Tmmob Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası 12. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara, 2009.
S. A. Meo, M. Almahmoud, Q. Alsultan, N. Alotaibi, I. Alnajashi, W. M. Hajjar “Mobile phone base station tower settings adjacent to school buildings: impact on students’ cognitive health”, American journal of men's health, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2019.
J. Nadimikeri, M. P. Kumar, G. Sreenivasulu, T. L. Prasad, B. Lakshmanna, K. Nagalaksmi, M. Madakka “Mobile phone and base stations Radiation and its effects on Human health and environment: A Review”, Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, vol. 2, no. 2, 2022.
E. van Rongen, E.W. Roubos, L.M. Aernsbergen, G. Brussaard, J. Havenaar, F.B. Koops and A.P.M. Zwamborn “Mobile Phones and Children: Is Precaution Warranted”, Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 25, no. 142-144, 2004.
O. Uygunol and S.S. Durduran “Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Haritalarının Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (Cbs) Yardımıyla Oluşturulması”, TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası Ankara Şubesi I. CBS Günleri Sempozyumu 19–21 Kasım 2008, Ankara.
B.S. Levy, D.H. Wegman, S.L. Baron, and R.K. Sokas “Occupational And Environmental Health: Recognizing And Preventing Disease And Injury”, Williams and Wilkins, Lippincott, USA, 2006.
Ş.S Şeker and O. Çerezci “Çevremizdeki Radyasyon ve Korunma Yöntemleri”, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, vol. 607, 1997.
G. Gu and G. Peng "The survey of GSM wireless communication system," 2010 International Conference on Computer and Information Application, Tianjin, China, pp. 121-124, 2010
N.J Cherry “Evidence that electromagnetic fields from high voltage powerlines and in buildings, are hazardous to human health, especially to young children”, Lincoln University. Human Sciences Department, 2001.
J. Czyz, K. Guan, Q. Zeng, T. Nikolova, A. Meister, F. Schönborn and A.M. Wobus “High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (GSM Signals) Affect Gene Expression Levels in Tumor Suppressor p53 - Deficient Embryonic Stem Cells”, Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 296-307, 2004.
A. McKinlay “A European Research Initiative Dosimetry”, Radiotelephones and Human Health, vol. 72/3-4, pp. 313-320, 1997.
C.M. Krause, l. Sillanmaki, M. Koivisto, and A. Haggqvist “Effects of Electromagnetic Field Emitted by Cellular Phones on the EEG During a Memory Task”, Neuroreport, vol. 11 , no. 4, pp. 761-764, 2000.
TNO Report “Effects of Global Communication System Radio-Frequency Fields on Well Being and Cognitive Functions of Human Subjects with and without Subjective Complaints”, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory, FEL-03-C148, 2003.
S.E. Chia, H.P. Chia, and J.S. Tan “Prevalence of Headache among Handheld Cellular Telephones Users in Singapore: A community Study”, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 24, pp. 1059-1062, 2003.
G. Tsurita, H. Nagawa, S. Ueno, S. Watanabe, and M. Taki “Biological and Morphological Effects on the Brain After Exposure of Rats to a 1439 MHz TDMA Field”, Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 21, pp. 364-371, 2000.
J.W. Finnie, P.C. Blumbergs, J. Manavis and T.D. Utteridge “Effect of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)-like Radiofrequency Fields on Vascular Permeability in Mouse Brain”, Pathology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 338-340, 2001.
L.G. Salford, A.E. Brun, J.L. Eberhardth, L. Malmgren, and B.R.R. Persson “Nerve Cell Damage in Mammalian Brain After Exposure to Microwave Exposure to Microwaves from GSM mobile Phones”, Environmental Health Perspective, vol. 111, pp. 881-883, 2003.
A. Schirmacher, S. Winters, S. Fischer, and J. Goeke “Electromagnetic Fields (1,8 GHz) Increase the Permeability to Sucrose of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Vitro”, Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 21, pp. 338-345, 2000.
ICNIRP, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)”, Health Phys, vol. 74, pp. 494-522, 1998.
IEEE Standart for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz ”Questions and Answers about Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields”, Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology, OET Bulletin 56, Fourth Edition, August 1999.
MOA. “Base Stations and Masts. Mobile Operators Association”,
Mobilemastinfo,URL:http://www.mobilemastinfo.com/base-stations-and-masts/ Son Erişim Tarihi: 29.05.2017
A. Bibi “Baz Istasyonu Ölçümlerinin Gerçek Zamanli Ve Konum Tabanli Olarakkaydedilmesine Yönelik Bir Arayüz Geliştirilmesi” Gazi Üniversitesi Bilişim Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 72s, Ankara, 2018,
F. Richter, G. Fettweis "Cellular Mobile Network Densification Utilizing Micro Base Stations," 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Cape Town, South Africa, 2010, pp. 1-6.
M.A. Baldauf, S. Kn¨orzer, J.A. Pontes, and W. Wiesbeck “Safety Distances Underneath Vertically Polarized Base Station Antennas”, Proceedings, 18th Int. Zurich Symposium on EMC, Munich 2007.
Spectran HF6080 User Manual, www.aaronia.com, Erişim Tarihi 13/04/2023.
E. Waring “Problems Concerning Interpolation”, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, vol. 69, pp. 59–67, 1779.
L.M. Milne-Thomson “The Calculus of Finite Differences”, Macmillan and Co., London, 1951.
A.Kovacs and L. I. Kovacs “The Lagrange Interpolation Formula in Determining the Fluid’s Velocity Potential through Profile Grids, Research Institude for Symboloic Computation”, Bulletins for Applied Mathematics, pp. 26-29 2005.
K.P. Singh, A. Basant, A. Malik, and G. Jain “Artificial neural network modeling of the river water quality-A case study”, Ecological Modelling, vol. 220, no. 6, pp. 888-895, 2009.
B. Eren, and V. Eyüpoğlu “Yapar Sinir Ağları ile Ni(II) İyonu Geri Kazanım Veriminin Modellenmesi”, 6. International Advanced Technologies Symposium, pp. 186-190, 2011.
N.S. Kaveh,, S.N. Ashrafizadeh, and F. Mohammadi “Development of an artificial neural network model for prediction of cell voltage and current efficiency in a chlor-alkali membrane cell”, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 461-472, 2008.
L. Horowitz “The effects of spline interpolation on power spectral density”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol, 22, no. 1, pp. 22-27. 1974.
S. Moreau, G. Plantier, J. Valière, H. Bailliet, L Simon “Estimation of power spectral density from laser Doppler data via linear interpolation and deconvolution”. Experiments in Fluids, vol. 50, pp. 179-188, 2011.
U. Sorgucu, I. Develi, S.S. Durduran ”The Use Of Different Interpolation Methods In Estimating Electromagnetic Power Density”, Sigma, vol. 29, pp. 148-155, 2011.
A. Peyman, M. Khalid, C. Calderon, D. Addison, T. Mee, M. Maslanyj, S. Mann “Assessment of exposure to electromagnetic fields from wireless computer networks (wi-fi) in schools; results of laboratory measurements”. Health physics, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 594-612, 2011.
H. Shirai, R. Sato, K. Otoi “Electromagnetic wave propagation estimation by 3-D SBR method”. International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, pp. 129–132, 2007.
Y.A. Dama, S. Abd-Alhameed, R.A. Salazar-Quinonez, F. “MIMO indoor propagation prediction using 3D shoot-and-bounce ray (SBR) tracing technique for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz”, Fifth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), pp. 1655–1658, 2017.
I.H. Cavdar, O. Akcay “The optimization of cell sizes and base stations power level in cell planning”, IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2001. Proceedings vol. 4, pp. 2344-2348i 2001.