Alüminyum alaşımlarının otomotiv endüstrisinde uygulanılabilirliği ve mekanik özellikleri

Bu çalışmada alüminyum alaşımlarının otomotiv sektöründe gövde panel ve makina parçalarında etkin olarak kullanımı ile ilgili literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Özellikle gövde konstrüksiyonu ve ilgili bağlantı elemanları üzerinde durulmuştur. Alüminyum alaşımları düşük yoğunluklu, yüksek mukavemetli ve mükemmel korozyon dayanımı nedeni ile otomobillerin gövde panel uygulamalarında oldukça ilgi çekmektedir. Gövde panel uygulamalar için alüminyum-bakır, alüminyum magnezyum, alüminyum-magnezyum-silisyum olmak üzere üç farklı alüminyum alaşımı kullanılmaktadır. Otomotiv panel ve montajında alüminyumun etkili ve ekonomik kullanılması için onun özellik ve karakteristiğine göre her bir parçanın optimize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun için alaşımların hem fiziksel hem de mekanik aynı zamanda şekillendirilebilme ve birleşme özelliklerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bir otomobil paneli tasarlarken bileşenlerin performansını da dikkate almak gerekmektedir. Çökertme direnci, bölgesel rljitllk, burulma ve bükme rijitlikleri iyi tanımlanmalıdır. Panel dayanımı ve titreşim etkileri tasarım kriterlerininin üzerinde olmalıdır. Böylece çelik panelin performansına sahip alüminyumdan yapılmış hafif bir yapı elde edebilir. Alüminyum malzemeye göre optimize edilmiş bir otomobil panel tasarımı çeliğe ağırlık olarak %65'e varan kazanım sağlayabilir.

In this study, the literature-resources were researched about effectively using of aluminium alloys in automotive industry as body panel or assemblies. A combination of low density, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance make aluminium alloys attractive for many automobile body panel applications. While a number of aluminium alloys may be used for such applications, several alloys have emerged as being particularly attractive for body panel design. These alloys are available for body panel applications, aluminium-copper alloys, aluminium-magnesium alloys, aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloys. For the most efficient and economical application of aluminium for automotive panels or assemblies, it is necessary to optimize the design of the part specifically for the properties and characteristics of aluminium. This required knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. When designing an automotive panel or assembly, the performance requirements for the component must be considered. Issues such as dent resistance, local stiffness, and overall torsion and bending should be addressed, and panel strength and vibration effects must meet or exceed design criteria. Therefor it is possible to get a lightweight aluminium panel with performance equivalent to that of the steel panel. A design optimized for aluminium has provided weight saving up to 65% over a comparable steel panel.

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