Kobi'lerde stratejik finansal yönetim uygulamaları, büyüme ve rekabetçilik: Bir literatür incelemesi

Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ'ler), istihdam, GSMH, inovasyon ve girişimciliğeolan katkıları nedeniyle, gerek Türkiye'de, gerekse dünya çapında sosyo- ekonomik büyümeninbelkemiği olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Ülkemizde, kayıtlı işletmelerin % 99,9'u KOBİ statüsündeolduğundan, KOBİ'lerin sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan önemi diğer ülkelere kıyasla çok dahayüksektir. Türkiyede KOBİ ler, özellikle 1980 sonrasında birçok alanda ilerlemeler kaydetmişolmalarına karşın, halen önemli zorluk ve sıkıntılarla karşı karşıyadır. KOBİlerde stratejikfinansal yönetim, KOBİlerin en önemli yönetimsel sorunlarının başında gelmektedir. Konuçalışma içeriğinde, ilk bölümde dünyada ve Türkiyede KOBİlerin önemi ve karşılaştıklarısorunlar ile ilgili yapılmış güncel çalışmalar özetlenmekte, ikinci bölümde KOBİ finansalyönetim literatüründe büyüme ve rekabetçilik göstergeleri ele alınmaktadır. Üçüncü ve sonbölümde ise KOBİlerde yönetim konusunda en önemli alanlardan birisi olmakla birlikteliteratürde 2005 yılından bu yana yeralmaya başlayan stratejik finansal yönetim (SFY)konusundaki uygulamaların dünya ve ülkemiz KOBİlerinin büyüme, performans ve rekabetçiliğiüzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaya yönelik çalışmalarla ilgili literatür taraması sunulmaktadır.

Strategic financial management applications, growth and comptitiveness in small and medium sized enterprises (smes) : A literature review

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are regarded as the drivers of socio- economicgrowth, due to their vital role in new job creation, increase in GDP, entrepreneurship andinnovation . In Turkey, 99.9 % of all enterprises fall into SME category. Therefore, thesignificance of SMEs for Turkish economy and society is much higher in Turkey, compared toother emerging and developed countries. Despite their major developments and achievements,Turkish SMEs are still faced with major challenges and problems. Strategic financialmanagement (SFM) in SMEs, which is a research area that has attracted the interest ofresearchers after 2005, although it plays a vital role in the survival, growth and competitivenessof SMEs, is one of the key managerial areas of SMEs.This project aims to review the literature onSFM, growth and competitiveness in SMEs and their interrelationships, both on global andnational bases.

___

  • Abanis, Turyahebwa - Sunday, Arthur - Burani,Aluonzi – Eliabu,Byamukama (2013), Financial Management Practices In Small And Medium Enterprises in Selected Districts In Western Uganda, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 29- 42.
  • Ardic, Oya Pinar - Mylenko, Nataliya - Saltane, Valentina. (2012), "Small and Medium Enterprises: A Cross - country Analysis With a New Data Set", Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 491 –513
  • Arı, Ali. (2013), KOBİ’ler, Esnaf ve Sanatkarlar Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Trakya Kalkınma Ajansı, s. 1 - 40.
  • Bharati, Pratyush - Chaudhury, Abhijit. (2009) , "SMEs and Competitiveness: The Role of Information Systems.", International Journal of E - Business Research, pp. 2.
  • Beck, Thorsten. (2010), “SME finance: What Have We Learned and What Do We Need to Learn?”, The Financial Development Report, pp. 1 - 2. Brush, Candida G - Vanderwerf, Pieter. (1992), "A Comparison of Methods and Sources for Obtaining Estimates of New Venture Performance." Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 157- 170.
  • Coplin, Leonora. (2002), “Competitive Advantages and the SMEs: The Role of Distinctive Competencies as Determinants of Success, Are There Differences Across Gender, Sector and Size?”, Doctoral Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
  • Çakır, Hafize. (2013), “Nakit Döngüsünün Firma Kârlılığına Etkisinin Sektörel Analizi”, Yaşar Üniversitesi Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 30, s.4948- 4965.
  • Çetin, Ali Cüneyt - Akyüz, Yılmaz - Genç, Erhan. (2011), “Küresel Kriz Sürecinde İmalat Sanayi İşletmelerinin Finansal Sorunlarının Değerlendirilmesi Uşak İli Örneği”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 2011/1, Sayı:13, s. 101 – 118.
  • Çetin, Ali Cüneyt - Bıtırak, İbrahim Anıl. (2009), “Antalya İli Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerinde Finansal Yönetim,İşletme Sermayesi ve Yatırım Bütçelemesi Uygulamaları”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 1 , Sayı 1 , s. 119- 137.
  • Dobbs, Matthew – Hamilton R.T. (2007), "Small Business Growth: Recent Evidence and New Directions", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 296- 322.
  • Dumbu, Emmanuel - Chabaya, Raphinos Alexander (2012), “An Assessment of the Impact of Working Capital Management Practices on Performance of Manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises in Zimbabwe: A case study of the Manufacturing MSEs in Masvingo Urban” , International Journal of Research in Management, Issue 2, No. 6, pp. 85 – 92.
  • Fatoki, O. (2012). An Investigation into the Financial Management Practices of New Micro- enterprises in South Africa. J Soc Sci, 33 (2), 179- 188.
  • Franco, Mário – Haase, Heiko. (2010), "Failure Factors in Small and Medium- sized Enterprises: Qualitative Study From an Attributional Perspective", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 503- 521.
  • Güler, Sevinç. (2010), “İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsasına (İMKB) Kayıtlı Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmelerin (KOBİ) Sermaye Yapıları Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 15, Sayı 3, s.353- 371.
  • Güngör, Nazan – Öndeş, Turan. (2013), "Kobi’lerin Finansmanı Erzurum Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma", İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 27, Sayı 1, s. 1 - 17. Harris,.Sally Ann. (2000), “Advertising and Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Small Firm”, Doctorate Dissertation, Michigan State University.
  • Hettihewa, Samanthala - Wright, Christopher, S. (2010), “Financial, Gender and Continuity Issues in Regional Small Business: Management and Policy Implications Derived from Canadian and New Zealand Survey Evidence”, Journal of Management Policy & Practice, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 29- 46.
  • http: //ec . europa . eu / enter prise/policies/sme/facts - figures - analysis/sme- definition/ , 18.03.2014
  • http://www.sba.gov/content/what - sbas - definition- small- business - concern, 18.03.2014 http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/11/20121104- 11.htm, 04.11.2012
  • Hunjra, Ahmed Imran - Butt, Babar Zaheer - Rehman, Kashif Ur. (2010), "Financial Management Practices and Their Impact on Organizational Performance", World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 997- 1002.
  • Kaya, Sarp - Alpkan, Lütfihak. (2012), “Problems and Solution Proposals for SMEs in Turkey”, Emerging Markets Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 20- 41.
  • Kennedy, Jessica - Tennent, Beth. (2006), “Financial Management Practices in Small Businesses: Regional and Metropolitan”, Small Enterprise Research, Vol. 14, No 1, pp. 55 – 63.
  • KOSGEB (2011). “ KOBİ Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı 2011 - 2013”, http: //www . sanayi. gov . tr / Files/Documents/KOSGEB_Katalog.pdf
  • Koyuncugil, Ali Serhan - Nermin Özgülbaş (2008) , “İMKB’de İşlem Gören Kobi’lerin Güçlü ve Zayıf Yönleri: Chaid Karar Ağacı Uygulaması”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt. 23, Sayı. 1, s. 1 - 21.
  • Liu, Zongshenk. (2010), “Strategic Financial Management in Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises”, International Journal of Business & Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.132- 136.
  • Lukács, Edit. (2005), "The Economic Role of SMEs in World Economy, Especially in Europe", European Integration Studies , Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 3 – 12.
  • Mc Mahon, Richard. (1998), “Business Growth and Performance and the Financial Reporting Practices of Australia Manufacturing SMEs”, Doctoral Thesis, University of New England, NSW, Australia.
  • Mc Mahon, Richard - Holmes, Scott - Hutchison, Patrick - Forsaith, David. (1993), “Small Business Financial Management : Theory and Practice”, Journal of Management, Vol.15, No.5, pp. 185 - 210.
  • McMahon, Richard. (2001), “Business Growth and Performance and the Financial Reporting Practices of Australian Manufacturing SMEs”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 152- 164.
  • Murphy, Gregory B. - Trailer, Jeff W. – Hill, Robert, C. (1996), "Measuring Performance in Entrepreneurship Research", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 15 – 23.
  • Nguyen, Kieu Minh. (2001), “Financial Management and Profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises”, Doctoral Thesis, Southern Cross University.
  • Niazi, Dr - Khan, Ghulam Shabbir - Hunjra, Ahmed Imran - Rashid, Majid - Akbar, Sved Waqar - Akhtar, Muhammad Naeem. (2011), "Practices of Working Capital Policy and Performance Assessment Financial Ratios and Their Relationship With Organization Performance", World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 1967- 1973.
  • Nyamao, Nyabwanga- Patrick, Ojera - Martin, Lumumba - Odondo, Alphonce - Simeyo,
  • Otieno. (2012), “Effect of Working Capital Management Practices on Financial Performance: A Study of Small Scale Enterprises in Kisii South District, Kenya”, African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 6, No. 18, pp. 5807- 5817. Nurrachmi, Rininta - Abd Samad, Khairunnisa - Foughali, Ibrahim (2012) ."The Development of SMEs in Turkey", MPRA Paper, No. 46817, pp.1 - 23.
  • O'Donnell, Aodheen - Gilmore, Audrey - Carson, David – Cummins, Daryll. (2002), "Competitive Advantage in Small to Medium- sized Enterprises", Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 205 – 223.
  • OECD, Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development. (2004), “S mall and Medium- Sized Enterprises in Turkey: I ssues and Policies”, OECD Publications. http: // www . oecd . org /turkey/31932173.pdf
  • OECD, Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (2006), “The SME Financing Gap (Vol. I): Theory and Evidence”, OECD Publications. ec . europa . eu / enter prise/newsroom/cf/_getdocument.cfm?doc_id=624
  • Okafor, Regina G. (2012), “Financial Management Practices of Small Firms in Nigeria: Emerging Tasks for the Accountant”, European Journal of Business and Management , Vol. 4, No. 19, pp.159- 169.
  • Okoro, F.I. (2007), “Gender Differentials in Financial Management Practices of Small Scale Entrepreneurs In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria”, Studies in Gender and Development in Africa, Vol. 1, No.1, pp. 59- 69.
  • Orobia, L. A., Byabashaija, W., Munene, J. C., Sejjaaka, S . K., & Musinguzi, D. (2013). How do small business owners manage working capital in an emerging economy?: A qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 10(2), 127- 143.
  • Özdemir, Süleyman - Ersöz, Halis - Sarıoğlu, Halil İbrahim. ( 2011), "Küçük Girişimciliğin Artan Önemi ve KOBİ’lerin Türkiye Ekonomisindeki Yeri", Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, Sayı 53, s 191 – 203.
  • Peteraf, Margaret A. - Barney, Jay B. (2003), "Unraveling The Resource‐ based Tangle", Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 309- 323.
  • Pham, Hoang. (2010), “The Impact of Financial Management Practices on Profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam”, Master’s Thesis, Meiho Institute of Technology.
  • Phillips, Bruce D. - Kirchhoff, B ruce A. (1989), "Formation, Growth and Survival; Small Firm Dynamics in the US Economy", Small Business Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 65 – 74.
  • Porter, Michael. (1998), “Clusters and The New Economics of Competition”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 77- 90.
  • Salazar, Alejandra López - Soto, Ricardo Contreras - Mosqueda, Rafael Espinoza. (2012), “The Impact of Financıal Decisions and Strategy on Small Business Competitiveness", Global Journal of Business Research , Vol. 6, No. 2, pp 93 – 104.
  • Storey, D. J. (1994), Understanding The Small Business Sector. Cengage Learning EMEA Publications.
  • Şahin, Osman. (2011), “KOBİ'lerde Finansal Performansı Belirleyen Faktörler”, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 7, Sayı 14, s. 183 – 200.
  • Topal, Yusuf - Elitaş, Cemal – Erkan, Mehmet. (2006), “Küçük ve Orta Boy İşletmelerin Finansal Yönetim Uygulamaları: Afyonkarahisar Örneği”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, Cilt 11, Sayı 1, s. 281 – 298.
  • Uluyol, Osman. (2013), “Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerde (KOBİ) Finansal Yönetim Uygulamaları”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Sayı 60, Ekim, s. 87- 105.
  • Voulgaris, Fotini - Asteriou, Dimitrios – Agiomirgianakis, G. (2004) , "Size and Determinants of Capital Structure in the Greek manufacturing Sector", International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 247- 262.
  • Yurttadur, Mustafa – Kaya, Feridun. (2012), "A Research on Impact of the Capital Structure and Financing Cost of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) on Growt h", African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 1076- 1088. Zonooz, Behrooz Hadi - Farzam, Vahid - Satarifar, Mohammad - Bakhshi, Lotfali. (2011),
  • "The Relationship between Knowledge Transfer and Competitiveness in" SMES" with Emphasis on Absorptive Capacity and Combinative Capabilities", International Business & Management , Vol. 2, No. 1, pp.59- 85.