GERÇEKÇİ MUHAFAZAKARLIKLA MACERACILIK NÖBETLERİ ARASINDA PAKİSTAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI

Muhafazakârlık, ‘muhafazakâr dış politikanın neye benzeyeceğine dair bazı ipuçları veriyor olsa da, bu ipuçları bazen birbiriyle çelişen, çok farklı yorumlara açıktır. Sınırları çizilmiş, dış politikaya yaklaşım ve davranış anlamında iyi tanımlanmış bir muhafazakâr dış politika programından bahsetmek oldukça zordur. Pakistan dış politikası ve muhafazakârlık bağlantısı söz konusu olduğunda, Pakistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin iç siyasetteki tarihsel rolü ve etkisi böyle bir değerlendirme yapmayı ayrıca zorlaştırmaktadır. Pakistan, nükleer silahlarına rağmen askeri, siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal kaynakları oldukça kısıtlı bir ‘küçük-ölçekte’ güç olduğundan, Pakistan’ın askeri ve sivil yönetici seçkinleri Pakistan ulusal çıkarlarını savunmak amacıyla büyük oranda gerçekçi bir dış politika izlemiştir. Pakistan’ın gerçekçi muhafazakâr dış politikası, Anglo-Amerikan dünyanın muhafazakâr geleneğine oranla, büyük oranda muhafazakârsız muhafazakâr dış politikadır. Bunun da en önemli nedeni Pakistan’ın dış politika seçeneklerinin oldukça kısıtlı olmasıdır. Pakistan’da yalnızca Eyüp Han ve Navaz Şerif muhafazakâr politikacılar olarak tanımlanabilirken, her iki politikacı da muhafazakâr olarak nitelenebilecek dış politikalarını muhafazakâr kimliklerine atfetmediler. Zülfikar Ali Butto ve Ziya ül- Hak ise muhafazakâr kimlikleri olmadığı halde —ilki ‘İslami sosyalist’, ‘ikincisi İslamcı muhafazakâr’ dış politika takip ettiler. Bununla birlikte, 1965 Pakistan-Hindistan Savaşı ve 1999 Kargil Savaşı’nın da gösterdiği üzere Pakistan dış politikasında dönem dönem anti-muhafazakâr maceracılık patlamaları da yaşanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Burke, Butto, Dış Politika, Eyüp Han, Muhafazakârlık, Navaz Şerif, Oakeshott, Pakistan, Ziya-ül Hak

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