Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Zorbalık ve Mobbing Davranışları: Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz

Şiddetin tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Toplum içinde yaşanan şiddet eylemleri iş organizasyonlarına da sirayet etmiş ve modern çağlarda fiziksel temastan daha fazla söz ve davranışlarda ağırlık kazanmıştır. İş yaşamında zorbalık (bullying) ve mobbing eylemleri çalışanların iş verimini düşüren ve çalışma barışını bozan faktörlerdir. Bu nedenle işveren ve yöneticilerin önlemeye çalıştığı, araştırmacıların da bilimsel olarak irdelediği kavramlardır. Zorbalık, mobbing ve işyeri şiddeti ile ilişkili 1994–2020 yılları arasındaki çalışmalar Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanından indirilmiştir. Toplam 272 yayın incelenmiş, veriler Bibliometrix, VOSviewer ve R programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Konular hakkında 136 farklı kaynakta toplam 272 yayın taranmıştır. Yayın başına ortalama atıf sayısı 22,32'dir. 150'den fazla atıf alan dört yayın vardır. En çok makale yayınlayan ilk üç ülke Amerika, Türkiye ve Avustralya'dır. Keywords plus tematik haritalamaya göre depresyon, müdahale risk faktörleri, ruh sağlığı, müdahale anketleri kelimeleri ‘niche theme’ olarak dikkat çekmekte ve bu konularda daha fazla araştırma yapılması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sağlık çalışanlarının maruz kaldığı zorbalık, mobbing ve işyeri şiddeti olgularına ilişkin yayınların bibliyometrik analizi yapılmıştır. Böylece, ilgili konularda çalışma yapacak araştırmacıları literatürdeki yoğunlaşma ve yönelim konusunda bilgilendirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Bullying and Mobbing Behaviours Against Healthcare Professionals: A Bibliometric Analysis

The history of violence is as old as human history. The acts of violence experienced in the society have also spread to business organizations and have gained weight in words and behaviours more than physical contact in modern times. Bullying and mobbing actions in business life are the factors that reduce the work efficiency of the employees and disrupt the working peace. For this reason, they are concepting those employers and managers try to prevent and that researchers scientifically examine. The main purpose of this study is to make a bibliometric analysis of publications on bullying and mobbing cases to which healthcare workers are exposed. The analyses were visualized with scientific mapping techniques. Our goal is to inform the researchers who work or will work in this field about the orientation and concentrations on the subject. Studies on the subject between 1994 and 2020 were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database. A total of 272 publications were reviewed, and the data were analysed with Bibliometrix, VOSviewer and R programs. A total of 272 publications on the subject from 136 different sources were searched. The average number of citations per publication is 22.32. There are four publications with more than 150 citations. The top three countries that publish the most articles are America, Turkey and Australia. According to Keywords plus thematic mapping, the words depression, intervention risk factors, mental health, intervention questionnaires draw attention as 'niche theme' and it is recommended to conduct more research on these issues.

___

  • Sami Ş. Temel Türkçe Sözlük (Kamûs-ı Türkî). Tercüman Gazetesi Tesisleri. C. 3. İstanbul: Tercüman Yayınları; 1985. 1532 s.
  • Keskin A. Toplumsal Şiddet. Hukuk Gündemi Derg. 30 Aralık 2009; Güz (12):39-41.
  • Garver N. What Violence is? The Nation. 1968;26(209):819-22.
  • Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R, editörler. World report on violence and health. Genève: World Health Organization; 2002.
  • WHO. Violence, health and sustainable development: fact sheet on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): health targets [Internet]. Copenhagen: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2020 [Erişim: 20 Ekim 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/340811
  • Solmuş T. İş Yaşamında Travmalar: Cinsel Taciz Ve Duygusal Zorbalık/Taciz (Mobbing). ISGUC J Ind Relat Hum Resour. 01 Haziran 2005;7(2):1-14.
  • Yılmaz A, Özler DE, Mercan N. Mobbing ve Örgüt İklimi ile İlişkisine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Elektron Sos Bilim Derg. 01 Eylül 2008;7(26):334-57.
  • Zhang H, Shi Y, Zhou ZE, Ma H, Tang H. Good people do bad things: How anxiety promotes unethical behavior through intuitive and automatic processing. Curr Psychol. Nisan 2020;39(2):720-8.
  • Yıldız AN, Kaya M, Bilir N. İşyerinde Şiddet [Internet]. Ziraat GURUP Matbaacılık. Ankara: TÜRK-İŞ; 2011. 59 s. Erişim adresi: http://www.turkis.org.tr/dosya/zoUKhTycmT20.pdf
  • Asunakutlu T, Safran B. Örgütlerde Yıldırma Uygulamaları (Mobbing) ve Çatışma Arasındaki İlişki. Sos Ekon Araştırmalar Derg. 01 Haziran 2006;6(11):110-29.
  • Leymann H. Mobbing and Psychological Terror at Workplaces. Violence Vict. Ocak 1990;5(2):119-26.
  • Körükçü Ö, Bulut O, Tuzcu A, Bayram Z, Türkmen H. An Adaptation of Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror to Health Sciences Programs in Turkey. Anatol J Psychiatry. 2014;15(4):335.
  • Satici S. Anger Rumination Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version. Anatol J Psychiatry. 2014;15(4):328.
  • Leymann H. The content and development of mobbing at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol. Haziran 1996;5(2):165-84.
  • Rayner C, Hoel H. A Summary Review of Literature Relating to Workplace Bullying. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 1997;7(3):181-91.
  • Bloisi W, Hoel H. Abusive work practices and bullying among chefs: A review of the literature. Int J Hosp Manag. Aralık 2008;27(4):649-56.
  • Duhart DT. Violence in the Workplace,1993-99 [Internet]. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 2001 Ara s. 12. (National Crime Victimization Survey). Erişim adresi: https://bjs.ojp.gov/redirect-legacy/content/pub/pdf/vw99.pdf
  • Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia, WorkSafeBC.com (Web site). A Workbook for Employers and Workers: Preventing Violence [Internet]. Richmond, B.C.: WorksafeBC; 2008 [Erişim 27 Eylül 2021]. Erişim adresi: http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/PubDocs/bcdocs/444753/preventing_violence_bk112.pdf
  • Zapf D. Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. Int J Manpow. Şubat 1999;20(1/2):70-85.
  • Di Martino V, Musri M. Guidance for the prevention of stress and violence at the workplace [Internet]. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia; 2001. 27 s. Erişim adresi: http://www.ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_108523.pdf
  • Rabeatul Husna AR, Halimah MY, Salwa AP, Ainul Syakira MM. Bibliometric analysis of workplace bullying. Int J Bus Technopreneurship. Ekim 2020;10(3):299-308.
  • Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. A worldwide bibliometric analysis of published literature on workplace violence in healthcare personnel. Gupta V, editör. PLOS ONE. 23 Kasım 2020;15(11):e0242781.
  • Adib SM, Al-Shatti AK, Kamal S, El-Gerges N, Al-Raqem M. Violence against nurses in healthcare facilities in Kuwait. Int J Nurs Stud. Mayıs 2002;39(4):469-78.
  • Elliott PP. Violence in health care. What nurse managers need to know. Nurs Manag (Harrow). Aralık 1997;28(12):38-41; quiz 42.
  • Chappell D, Di Martino V. Violence at work. 3rd ed. Geneva: International Labour Office; 2006. 360 s.
  • Van Den Bos J, Creten N, Davenport S, Roberts M. Cost of Community Violence to Hospitals and Health Systems | AHA [Internet]. Seattle, Washington, USA: American Hospital Association; 2017 [Erişim: 01 Ekim 2021] s. 17. (Milliman Research Report). Erişim adresi: https://www.aha.org/guidesreports/2018-01-18-cost-community-violence-hospitals-and-health-systems
  • Lucena PLC, Costa SFG da, Batista JBV, Lucena CMF, Morais GS da N, Costa BHS. Produção científica sobre assédio moral e enfermagem: estudo bibliométrico. Rev Esc Enferm USP [İnternet]. 13 Eylül 2018 [Erişim: 30 Eylül 2021];52(0). Erişim adresi: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0080-62342018000100805&lng=pt&tlng=pt
  • Taşkaya S, Aksoy A. A bibliometric analysis of workplace incivility in nursing. J Nurs Manag. Nisan 2021;29(3):518-25.
  • Ornell F, Halpern SC, Kessler FHP, Narvaez JC de M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(4): e00063520.
  • Dye TD, Alcantara L, Siddiqi S, Barbosu M, Sharma S, Panko T, vd. Risk of COVID-19-related bullying, harassment and stigma among healthcare workers: an analytical cross-sectional global study. BMJ Open. 01 Aralık 2020;10(12): e046620. clarivate.com. Web of Science [Internet]. 2021 [Erişim: 23 Eylül 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://clarivate.com/webofscienc egroup/solutions/web-of-science-core-collection/
  • Karatuna I, Jönsson S, Muhonen T. Workplace bullying in the nursing profession: A cross-cultural scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. Kasım 2020; 111:103628.
  • Al-Qadi MM. Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis. J Occup Health. Ocak 2021;63(1):e12226.
  • Dadfar M, Lester D. Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare systems. Nurs Open. Mart 2021;8(2):527-8.
  • Bambi S, Becattini G, Pronti F, Lumini E, Rasero L. Lateral hostilities among emergency and critical care nurses: Survey in five hospitals of the Tuscany Region. Assist Inferm E Ric AIR. Aralık 2013;32(4):213-22.
  • Bambi S, Becattini G, Giusti GD, Mezzetti A, Guazzini A, Lumini E. Lateral hostilities among nurses employed in intensive care units, emergency departments, operating rooms, and emergency medical services. A national survey in Italy. Dimens Crit Care Nurs DCCN. Aralık 2014;33(6):347-54.
  • Phillips JP. Workplace Violence against Health Care Workers in the United States. Longo DL, editör. N Engl J Med. 28 Nisan 2016;374(17):1661-9.
  • OSHA. Guidelines for Preventing Workplace Violence for Healthcare and Social Service Workers [İnternet]. Washington DC: Occupational Safety and Health Administration; 2016. (OSHA 3148-06R). Erişim adresi: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/osha3148.pdf
  • Quine L. Workplace bullying in junior doctors: questionnaire survey. BMJ. 13 Nisan 2002;324(7342):878-9.
  • Quine L. Workplace Bullying in Nurses. J Health Psychol. Ocak 2001;6(1):73-84.
  • Follette VM, Polusny MM, Milbeck K. Mental health and law enforcement professionals: Trauma history, psychological symptoms, and impact of providing services to child sexual abuse survivors. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1994;25(3):275-82.
  • Spector PE, Zhou ZE, Che XX. Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying, and sexual harassment: A quantitative review. Int J Nurs Stud. Ocak 2014;51(1):72-84.
  • Laschinger HKS, Grau AL, Finegan J, Wilk P. New graduate nurses’ experiences of bullying and burnout in hospital settings: Bullying and burnout in new graduate nurses. J Adv Nurs. Aralık 2010;66(12):2732-42.
  • Randle J. Bullying in the nursing profession. J Adv Nurs. Ağustos 2003;43(4):395-401.
  • Vessey JA, DeMarco RF, Gaffney DA, Budin WC. Bullying of Staff Registered Nurses in the Workplace: A Preliminary Study for Developing Personal and Organizational Strategies for the Transformation of Hostile to Healthy Workplace Environments. J Prof Nurs. Eylül 2009;25(5):299-306.
  • Einarsen S, Hoel H, Notelaers G. Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work Stress. Ocak 2009;23(1):24-44.
  • clarivate.com. KeyWords Plus generation, creation, and changes [İnternet]. 2021 [Erişim: 17 Ekim 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://support.clarivate.com/ScientificandAcademicResearch/s/article/KeyWords-Plus-generation-creation-and-changes?language=en_US
  • Baillien E, Escartín J, Gross C, Zapf D. Towards a conceptual and empirical differentiation between workplace bullying and interpersonal conflict. Eur J Work Organ Psychol. 02 Kasım 2017;26(6):870-81.
  • Pellegrini PG, Tolfo S da R, Bolze SDA, D’Cruz P. The Interface Between Significant Others and Workplace Bullying, Emotional Abuse and Harassment. Içinde: D’Cruz P, Noronha E, Baillien E, Catley B, Harlos K, Høgh A, vd., editörler. Pathways of Job-related Negative Behaviour [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2021 [Erişim: 25 Şubat 2021]. s. 423-46. (Handbooks of Workplace Bullying, Emotional Abuse and Harassment; c. 2). Erişim adresi: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-0935-9_15
  • Hamre KV, Fauske MR, Reknes I, Nielsen MB, Gjerstad J, Einarsen SV. Preventing and Neutralizing the Escalation of Workplace Bullying: the Role of Conflict Management Climate. Int J Bullying Prev [Internet]. 07 Temmuz 2021 [Erişim: 20 Ekim 2021]; Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42380-021-00100-y
  • Persson R, Mikkelsen EG, Høgh A. The Role of Personality in Workplace Bullying Research. Içinde: D’Cruz P,
  • Noronha E, Baillien E, Catley B, Harlos K, Høgh A, vd., editörler. Pathways of Job-related Negative Behaviour [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2021 [Erişim: 20 Ekim 2021]. s. 73-99. (Handbooks of Workplace Bullying, Emotional Abuse and Harassment; c. 2). Erişim adresi: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-0935-9_4
  • Sheek-Hussein M, Abu-Zidan FM, Stip E. Disaster management of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Emerg Med. Aralık 2021;14(1):19.
  • Terkeş N, Deği̇rmenci̇ K, Bedi̇r G. Hasta/Hasta Yakınları Bakış Açısıyla Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddetin Nedenleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşire Fakültesi Elektron Derg. 15 Ekim 2021;14(4):328-36.
  • Ergur GA, Nuhoğlu Ş, Çobanoğlu C, Çeti̇n N, Bostan P, Ergur A. Adanmışlıktan Tükenmişliğe, Tükenmişlikten Vazgeçişe: COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde İstifa Eden/Emekli Olan Hekimlerin Çığlığı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyol Derg. 31 Temmuz 2021;41(1):73-102.
  • Karakaş M. Covid-19 Salgınının Çok Boyutlu Sosyolojisi ve Yeni Normal Meselesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyol Derg. 23 Temmuz 2020;40(1):541-73.
  • Yılmaz K. Sosyal Bilimlerde ve Eğitim Bilimlerinde Sistematik Derleme, Meta Değerlendirme ve Bibliyometrik Analizler. MANAS Sos Araştırmalar Derg. 19 Nisan 2021;1457-90.
  • Aygün Ö, Cerim S. The relationship between general health behaviors and general health literacy levels in the Turkish population. Health Promot Int. 30 Aralık 2020; daaa151.
  • Birks M, Budden LM, Stewart L, Chapman Y. Turning the tables: the growth of upward bullying in nursing academia. J Adv Nurs. Ağustos 2014;70(8):1685-7.
  • Luparell S. The Effects of Student Incivility on Nursing Faculty. J Nurs Educ. Ocak 2007;46(1):15-9.
  • Mintz-Binder RD, Calkins RD. Exposure to bullying at the associate degree nursing program director level. Teach Learn Nurs. Ekim 2012;7(4):152-8.
  • Branch S, Ramsay S, Barker M. Causes of upward bullying: Managers’ perspectives [Internet]. CQUniversity; 2006 [Erişim: 20 Ekim 2021]. 18 s. Erişim adresi: https://acquire.cqu.edu.au/articles/conference_contribution/Causes_of_upward_bullying_Managers_perspectives/13453154/1
  • Meissner JE. Nurses: are we eating our young? Nursing (Lond). Mart 1986;16(3):51-3.
  • Miller KY. Lateral hostility and zero tolerance. Crit Care Nurse. 01 Ekim 2007;27(5):20-20.
  • Alspach G. Lateral hostility between critical care nurses: a survey report. Crit Care Nurse. Nisan 2008;28(2):13-9.
  • Kaiser JA. The relationship between leadership style and nurse-to-nurse incivility: turning the lens inward. J Nurs Manag. Mart 2017;25(2):110-8.
  • Çağlak U. Teşhir Toplumu ve Yeni Medya: Teşhir Toplumunun Oluşmasında Önemli Bir Araç Olan Yeni Medya Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Krit İletişim Çalışmaları Derg. 26 Ekim 2020;2(2):12-20.
  • Karakaş SA, Okanlı A. Hemşirelik ve Mobbing. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 01 Ekim 2013;2(4):562-76.