Adana’da Bir Misyoner Hastanesi: Adana International Hastanesi (1909-1934)

Amerikan Board, 1820 yılında ilk misyonerlerini Osmanlı topraklarına gönderdiği tarihten 13 yıl sonra sağlık çalışmaları için tıp misyonerlerini bölgeye göndermeye başlamıştır. Tıp misyonerleri hem tıp hem de dini konularda eğitilmişlerdi. İlk tıp misyonerleri, gezici hekimlik yapmaktaydı 1880’lerden itibaren Amerikan Board, Antep, Mardin, Talas, Merzifon, Van, Erzurum, Sivas, Adana, Konya, Diyarbakır ve İstanbul gibi illerde hastane, tıp okulu, hemşire sınıfı ve eczaneler açarak kurumsallaşma yoluna gitmiştir örneğin, 1872 yılında Antep’te doğan Dr. Jesse Marden, tıp eğitimini Amerika’da 1898 yılında tamamladıktan sonra aynı yıl Adana’ya gelerek tıbbi çalışmalarını Merzifon’a geçinceye kadar devam ettirmiştir misyonerler tarafından sağlık çalışmaları bir klinik etrafında hastane kuruluncaya kadar aralıklarla sürdürülmüştür. Bu hastanelerden biri de Adana'’a kurulmuştur Adana’da Ermeni olaylarının yaşandığı Ekim 1909, Adana Amerikan astanesi’nin kuruluş tarihi olarak tarihi belirtilmektedir. Rum mahallesi, hastanenin kurulması için mekan olarak seçilmişti Burada misyona ait olan bir bina, hastane amaçlı yapılmamış olsa da, odaları koğuşlara ve hemşire odalarına dönüştürülmüştür. 1909 olaylarının gölgesinde hastane, Adana’da bütün etnisite ve inançtan insanlara açık olduğunu beyan etmiştir. isyoner kaynaklarında, hastanenin açılışının hükümet ve toplumun bütün kesimlerince de desteklendi i belirtilmektedir. Hastanede görev yapan Dr. Cyril H. Haas, 1911 Mayıs ayında Adana’ya gelmiş ve 1951 yılına kadar tıbbi çalışmalarını sürdürmüştür. 1912 yılı raporunda hastanede, 1 Amerikalı ve 1 Ermeni doktor, 4 Amerikalı ve 4 Ermeni hemşire ile 4 yardımcının görev yaptığı belirtilmektedir. Raporda belirtildiğine göre hastanede yatarak tedavi olanların sayısı 309 dur. Bu hastaların 241’i Ermeni, 46’sı Türk, 7’si Rum, 4’ü Süryani ve 6’sı diğer etnisitelerden oluşmaktaydı. Hastanede 34 yatağın bulunduğu belirtilmektedir. Hastane içerisinde bir de emşire sınıfı bulunmaktaydı. Misyon raporunda Dr. Haas’ın Adana valisinin aile doktoru olduğu ve bu konumundan dolayı gerektiğinde koruma alabildiği ifade edilmektedir. Adana misyon hastanesi 1923 yılında ruhsatsız olduğu için kapatılmak istenmişise de çalışmalarını 1951 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür Dr. Haas ise, Adana’da sağlık çalışmalarını bir klinik etrafında 1951 yılına kadar devam ettirmiştir Bu araştırmada, Amerikan Board!a bağlı olarak Adana’da kurulan hastane ele alınacaktır Amerikan Board’ın 1909-1934 yılları arasında Adana’da kurmuş olduğu Amerikan Hastanesinin faaliyetleri misyonerlik ve tıp tarihi açısından de derlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada tarih araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında Amerikan Board’ın yıllık raporları, süreli yayınları, microfilm arşivi, hastane katalogları ve araştırma eserler kullanılmıştır

A Missionary Hospital in Adana: Adana International Hospital / Adana American Hospital (1909-1934)

There were a lot of missionary organizations in Europe and the USA to disseminate Christianity. Established in 27 June, 1810 in Boston, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was one of those organizations. As one of the most important Protestant missionary organizations in the USA, they sent missionaries to China, India, South America, Africa and Middle East, where Christianity emerged, to achieve their goals. American Board began their activities in Ottoman lands in 1820. Two missionaries named Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons, who were members of ABCFM, set out from Boston in November, 1819 and arrived in zmir 1 anuary, 1820 issionaries made use o particularly religious activities as well as education, media and healthcare activities to reach their target group. Realizing that healthcare activities were effective in establishing relations with people, Amer-ican Board began to dispatch healthcare professionals to their missionary centers abroad. John Scudder was the first medical missionary to be sent by American Board to foreign country, India, in 1919. Although it is known that several medical doctors went to various regions as missionary, they didn’t employ their missionary title and medical knowledge edical mis-sionary was accepted by Bible disseminators as the most significant method to reach all parts of society. American Board began to send medical missionaries for healthcare activities to Ottoman lands 13 years after sending first missionaries to the region. Medical missionaries were trained in both religion and medicine. First medical missionaries served as mobile doctors. As of 1880s, American Board started institutionalization by opening hospital, medicine school, nursing class and pharmacies in Antep, ardin, Talas, erzi on, an, Erzurum, ivas, Adana, onya, Diyarbakır and stanbul Born in Antep in 1872, Dr. Jesse K. Marden completed his education in medicine in the USA in 1898, immediately started his medical missionary activities in Adana and continued until moving to Merzifon. The missionaries maintained their healthcare activities until a hospital was established around a clinic. Adana American Hospital was supposed to be founded in November 1909, when Armenian events took place. Greek neighbourhood in Adana was cho-sen to open the hospital. Though not constructed as hospital, rooms of a building of mission-ary were transformed into wards and nurse rooms. The hospital declared that they were open to the people of all ethnicities and beliefs in Adana in 1909. Adana American Hospital was founded in November 1909 when Armenian events took place and there was a depressed situ-ation. It is stated in a report by Dr. Ciryl H. Haas that the hospital served uninterruptedly be-tween 20 April 1910 and 17 April 1934. It is also indicated in missionary sources that opening of the hospital was supported by the government and all classes. Healthcare activities in Adana American Hospital gained momentum along with Dr. Cyril H. Haas, who came to Adana in May, 1911. Dr. Haas kept on his medical work in Adana until 1951. It is stated in a report in 1912 that one American and one Armenian doctor, 4 American and 4 Armenian nurses and 4 assistants were employed at the hospital. According to the re-port, the number of inpatients was 309, 241 of whom were Armenian, 46 were Turkish, 7 were Greek, 4 were Assyrian and 6 were of other ethnicities. It is stated that Dr. Haas, who could make use of his doctoral skills successfully in human relations, was family doctor of Adana governor and thus were able to get protection when necessary. Men and women were treated at the hospital with 34 beds. There was also a Nurs-ing Class in the hospital. Adana missionary hospital was attempted to be closed because of lack of authorization; however, it kept on its service until 1934. Although acute inpatient wards of the hospital were closed in 1934, Dr. Ciryl H. Haas continued his medical activities in a clinic in Adana until 1951. In this study, activities of American hospital which was founded by American Board between 1909-1934 are considered in terms of missionary activities and medical history. Also annual activities, periodicals, microfilms, hospital catalogues of American Board was used with his-tory research method.

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