Temporomandibular eklem bozukluğu olan hastaların sosyo-demografik ve klinik özellikleri: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Amaç: Temporomandibular eklem (TME) bozukluklarının etiyolojisi çok faktörlüdür ve bu etiyolojiden sorumlu olan faktörlerin rolü hala tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, temporomandibular bozukluğu (TMB) hastalarının sosyo-demografik ve klinik özelliklerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışma, bir diş hekimliği fakültesinin ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi kliniğinde tedavi arayan 508 TMB hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar sosyo-demografik özellikler, etiyolojik risk faktörleri ve klinik muayene bulguları açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların çoğu (%83.5) kadın idi ve en büyük yaş grubunu 18-25 yaşındakiler oluşturdu. İşsizler, ev hanımları ve öğrenciler arasında TMB daha yaygın idi. Hastaların yaklaşık dörtte üçünde (%75.6) bruksizm ve %14.2’sinde bruksizm dışında bir parafonksiyonel alışkanlık var idi. Hastalarda en sık görülen üç hastalık sırasıyla psikiyatrik bozukluklar, peptik ülser ve troid hastalıkları idi. Hastaların yaklaşık dörtte biri (%24.4) TMB dışında bir kas-iskelet sistemi hastalığı olduğunu ve %11.8’i geçmişte bir TME travması yaşadığını bildirdi. Hastaların %40.9’unun vücut kitle indeksi normalin üzerindeydi ve %77.2’si düzenli egzersiz ve spor yapmadıklarını bildirdi. Hastaların yarıya yakınında (%45.7) çift taraflı TMB şikayeti vardı ve %32.3’ünde şikayet süresi 5 yıl ve daha fazla idi. Hastalarda %70.1 oranı ile baş ağrısı en sık görülen ek semptomdu, bunu kulak çınlaması (%46.5) ve boyun ağrısı (%45.7) izledi. Hastaların klinik muayenesinde %43.3’ünde palpasyonda şiddetli ağrı, %71.7’sinde klik, %30.7’sinde krepitasyon ve %59.8’inde alt çenesinde deviasyon vardı. Hastaların %50.4’ünün maksimum ağız açıklığı 35mm ve altında iken, % 3,9’u ileri derecede kısıtlanmış ağız açıklığına (20mm ve daha az) sahip idi. Sonuç: Bu kesitsel çalışma bulguları TMB etyolojisinin karmaşık ve çok faktörlü olduğu tezini doğrulamaktadır. TMB etyolojisini açıklamaya yönelik neden-sonuç ilişkisini ortaya koyan uzun soluklu çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Temporomandibular bozukluk, sosyodeografik özellikler, etyolojik risk faktörleri, klinik semptomlar

Socıo-demographıc and clınıcal characterıstıcs of patıents wıth temporomandıbular joınt dısorders: a cross-sectıonal study

Aim: The etiology of temporomandibular disorder(TMD) is multifactorial and the role of the factors responsible for this etiology is still controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with TMD. Method: The study was carried out on 508 TMD patients who sought care at the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic of a faculty of dentistry. The patients were evaluated in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, etiological risk factors, and clinical examination findings. Results: Eighty-three point five percent of the patients were female and the largest age group was 18-25 years old. TMD was more common among the unemployed, housewives, and students. 75.6% of the patients had bruxism and 14.2% had a parafunctional habit other than bruxism. The three most common diseases in the patients were psychiatric disorders, peptic ulcer, and thyroid diseases, respectively. Approximately one-quarter (24.4%) of the patients reported a musculoskeletal disease other than TMD and 11.8% reported a past temporomandibular joint trauma. The body mass index of 40.9% of the patients was above normal and 77.2% reported that they did not exercise or exercise regularly. Forty-five point seven percent of the patients had bilateral TMD complaints and 32.3% had 5 years or more. Headache was the most common additional symptom, with a rate of 70.1%, followed by tinnitus (46.5%) and neck pain (45.7%). In the clinical examination of the patients, 43.3% had severe pain on palpation, 71.7% click, 30.7% crepitation, and 59.8% deviation in the lower jaw. While the maximum mouth opening of 50.4% of the patients was 35 mm or less, 3.9% had a severely restricted (20mm or less) mouth opening. Conclusion: These cross-sectional study findings support that the etiology of TMD is complex and multifactorial. Long-term studies should be conducted to reveal the cause-effect relationship to explain the etiology of TMD.

Keywords:

Temporomandibular disorder, socio-demographic features, etiological risk factors, clinical symptoms,

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