Doğal ve Yapay Tatlandırıcıların Glukoz İntoleransı, Karaciğer Enzimleri ve Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Etkisi

ÖzetSon zamanlarda düşük enerjili ya da enerjisiz tatlandırıcılar enerji ve glisemik etkilerden uzak oldukları gerekçesi ile şeker ikamesi olarak oldukça sık kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu tatlandırıcı türlerinin saf olarak kullanılması dışında günümüzde gıda ürünlerinin içerisinde sıkça bulunmaları tüketiciler tarafından alımını oldukça artırabilmektedir. Tatlandırıcılar sağlık üzerine etkileri açısından doğal ve yapay tatlandırıcılar olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Deney hayvanlarında yapılan çalışmalarda yapay tatlandırıcı tüketimi enerji dengesini bozarak abdominal obezite, insülin direnci ve/veya bozulmuş glukoz toleransı dahil olmak üzere birçok metabolik sendrom bileşeni ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ayrıca karaciğer enzimleri ve oksidatif stres üzerine olumsuz etkisi olduğu da bildirilmektedir. Ancak yapay tatlandırıcıların glukoz intoleransını artırdığı, karaciğer enzimlerini ve oksidatif stres parametrelerini olumsuz etkilediğine dair çalışmaların yanında anlamlı sonuç bulunamayan çalışmalarda mevcuttur. Bunun yanında doğal tatlandırıcıların insülin duyarlılığını artırdığı, kan glukozu üzerinde yararlı etkilerinin olduğu, karaciğer enzimleri ve oksidatif stres parametrelerini azaltıcı bir rol oynadıkları belirli çalışmalarda bildirilmektedir. Fakat doğal tatlandırıcıların bu parametreler üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olmadığına dair çalışmalarda mevcuttur. Bu nedenle bu derlemede doğal ve yapay tatlandırıcıların glukoz intoleransı, karaciğer enzimleri ve oksidatif stres üzerine olan etkilerine yönelik çalışmaların derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tatlandırıcılar, Glukoz İntoleransı, Karaciğer Enzimleri, Oksidatif Stres

Effects of Natural and Artificial Sweeteners on Glucose Intolerance, Liver Enzymes and Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, low-energy or non-energy sweeteners have been used frequently as sugar substitutes on the ground that they are free from energy and glycemic effects. Moreover, apart from use of these sweetener types in pure form, the fact that they are included in products today increases the intake of them by consumers considerably. Sweeteners are classified as natural and artificial sweeteners in terms of their health effects. In studies conducted on experimental animals, artificial sweetener consumption is associated with many metabolic syndrome components, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and/or impaired glucose tolerance through disrupting energy balance. In addition, adverse effects on liver enzymes and oxidative stress have been reported. However, studies have shown that artificial sweeteners increase glucose intolerance, negatively affect liver enzymes and oxidative stress parameters, as well as studies that have found no significant results. Besides, certain studies have reported that natural sweeteners increase insulin sensitivity, have beneficial effects on blood glucose, and reduce liver enzymes and oxidative stress parameters. However, some studies have shown that natural sweeteners have no significant effect on these parameters. Therefore, it is aimed to review the effects of natural and artificial sweeteners on glucose intolerance, liver enzymes and oxidative stress in this review article.

Keywords:

Sweeteners, Glucose Intolerance, Liver Enzymes, Oxidative Stress,

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