Mehtap ÖZŞAHİN, Erman COŞKUN, Büşra ALMA ÇALLI

KOBİ’LERDE DİJİTALLEŞMEYİ ETKİLEYEN GİRİŞİMCİ ÖZELLİKLERİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: YALOVA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Günümüz iş dünyasında sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajının ön koşulu haline gelen dijital dönüşüm, sadece büyük işletmeler için değil küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmeler (KOBİ) için de hayati önem taşımaktadır. Ancak dijital dönüşüm tanımı gereği, firmalar önce dijitleştirme daha sonra dijitalleşme safhalarını gerçekleştirir ve sonrasında dijital dönüşümü hedeflerler. KOBİ’lerde dijital dönüşüm ve öncesi safhaların uygulanma derecesi firmanın yenilikçilik ve bilişim yeterliliğiyle firma sahibinin bilişim farkındalık düzeyi ve yetkinliğine bağlıdır. Çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’ler üzerinde yürütülen bu çalışmayla; sahiplerin bilişim farkındalık düzeyi, bilişim yetkinlikleri, girişimci algısına dayalı firma bilişim yeterlilik ve yenilikçilik düzeyleri, ve bu parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler, nitel araştırma çerçevesinde farklı nitel-nicel analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yalova ilinde faaliyet gösteren 51 firma sahibinden, yarı-yapılandırılmış yüz-yüze mülakat tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen veriler; betimleyici-yorumsal analiz, tanımlayıcı analiz, regresyon ve frekans analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre, girişimciler bilişim kelimesini en fazla teknoloji ve sonrasında etkinlik/verimlilik kavramlarıyla ilişkilendirmektedir. Kendisini ve firmasını bilişim yetkinliği ve yeterliliği bağlamında zayıf olarak değerlendiren girişimciler, bilişimi genel olarak sosyal medya, teknoloji ve e-ticaret kavramlarıyla eşleştirirken; yüksek olarak değerlendirenler iletişim, teknoloji, bilgi-çağı, sosyal medya, etkinlik ve yenilik kavramlarıyla ilişkilendirmektedirler. KOBİ’lerin bilişim adaptasyonunu etkileyen faktörler arasında ise girişimcinin bilişim farkındalık ve yetkinlik düzeyi, firmanın büyüklüğü, yaşı ve yenilikçilik düzeyi ön plana çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Girişimci özellikleri, Bilişim farkındalığı, Bilişim yetkinliği, Bilişim yeterliliği, Yenilikçilik, Dijitalleşme, Dijital Dönüşüm

A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING DIGITALIZATION IN SMES: A SAMPLING OF YALOVA

Digital transformation (DT) is vital for SMEs as well as large companies and it must follow digitization and digitalization phases. Adoption and implementation of DT and pre-phases in SMEs is largely depend on the information and communication technologies (ICTs) awareness and competence level of owner, organization’s innovativeness level, and ICT capability. This study was conducted in Yalova with 51 micro and small SMEs operating in various sectors aims to examine these four factors. It uses semi-structured face to face interviews and utilizes qualitative-quantitative analysis methods. Descriptive-interpretive analysis, regression, and frequency analyses are utilized. According to the findings, entrepreneurs first associate the word ICT with the concept of technology and then the concepts of efficiency/productivity. While entrepreneurs, who consider themselves and their company weak in terms of ICT capability and competence, match the concept of ICT with social media, technology and e-commerce concepts in general; those who perceive their organizations’ level of ICT capability high mostly associate ICT with the concepts of communication, technology, information age, social media, efficiency and innovation. The factors affecting the ICT adoption of SMEs are the entrepreneur's ICT competence level, the size and the age of the organization and its level of innovativeness.

Keywords:

Entrepreneur’s Characteristics, ICT Awareness, Competence, Capability, Innovativeness, Digitalization, Digital Transformation,

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