Elif YILDIRIM, İsmail Oğuz ÖZDEMİR, Muharrem TÜRKKAN, Celal TUNCER, Rahman KUSHİYEV, İsmail ERPER

Fındık üretim alanlarında kullanılan bazı fungisitlerin Trichoderma türlerine karşı etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada, fındıkta külleme hastalığının kontrolü için kullanılan bazı fungisit (boscalid+kresoxim methyl, fluopyram+tebuconazole, kükürt ve tetraconazole)’lerin Trichoderma harzianum (11-TTR-2), T. hamatum (F4), T. atroviride (T-4-5) ve T. asperellum (T-11-25) üzerine etkileri in vitro koşullarda değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, fungisitlerin bütün konsantrasyonları (0.25×, 0.5×, 1.0× ve 2.0×)’nın kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, Trichoderma izolatlarının misel gelişimini, spor çimlenmesini ve çim tüpü uzamasını önemli derecede azalttığını göstermiştir (P<0.05). Özellikle, fluopyram+tebuconazole’un dört izolatın misel gelişimi, spor çimlenmesi ve çim tüpü uzaması için daha yüksek engelleyici etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan en düşük konsantrasyon (0.0625 mL L-1)’da bile fluopyram+tebuconazole, T. hamatum ve T. asperellum’un misel gelişimi tamamen engellemiştir, halbuki T. harzianum ve T. atroviride’nin misel gelişimini sırasıyla %93.97 ve %89.48’e kadar azaltmıştır. Diğer taraftan, tetraconazole çok daha yüksek bir konsantrasyonda (1.0 mL L-1) T. harzianum ve T. atroviride’nin misel gelişimini sırasıyla %82.16 ve %95.61’e kadar azaltabilmiştir. Boscalid+kresoxim methyl ve kükürt, dört Trichoderma izolatının misel gelişimini sırasıyla %26.64-63.59 ve %6.75-30.8 arasında değişen oranlarda engellemiştir. Fluopyram+tebuconazole’ün EC50 ve minimum engelleyici konsantrasyon (MIC) değerlerinin tüm izolatlar için tetraconazole’den çok daha toksik olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma boscalid+kresoxim methyl ve kükürtün Trichoderma spp.’nin Xylosandrus germanus’a karşı kullanılması gereken fındık bahçelerinde önerilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fındık, Külleme, Fungisitler, Trichoderma, Trichoderma, Trichoderma, Trichoderma, Mikoparazitik fungus

Determination of effects of some fungicides used in hazelnut growing areas against Trichoderma species

In this study, the effects of some fungicides (boscalid+kresoxim methyl, fluopyram+tebuconazole, sulphur ve tetraconazole) used for control of powdery mildew disease in hazelnuts on Trichoderma harzianum (11-TTR-2), T. hamatum (F4), T. atroviride (T-4-5) and T. asperellum (T-11-25) were evaluated under in vitro conditions. The study showed that all concentrations (0.25×, 0.5×, 1.0× and 2.0×) of the fungicides significantly reduced the mycelial growth, spore germination and germ-tube elongation of Trichoderma isolates, when comparing to the control (P<0.05). Especially, fluopyram+tebuconazole was found to have the higher inhibitory effect to mycelial growth, spore germination and germ-tube elongation of all the isolates. Even at the lowest concentration (0.0625 mL L-1) used in the study, fluopyram+tebuconazole completely inhibited the mycelial growth of T. hamatum and T. asperellum, whereas it reduced mycelial growth of T. harzianum and T. atroviride by 93.97% and 89.48%, respectively. On the other hand, tetraconazole at a much higher concentration (1.0 mL L-1) were able to decrease the mycelial growth of T. harzianum and T. atroviride by 82.16% and 95.61%, respectively. Boscalid+kresoxim methyl and sulphur inhibited the mycelial growth of all four isolates at rates between 26.64-63.59% and 6.75-30.81%, respectively. The EC50 and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that fluopyram+tebuconazole was more toxic to all the isolates than tetraconazole. As a result, this study showed that boscalid+kresoxim methyl and sulphur can be recommended in hazelnut orchards, where Trichoderma spp. should be used against Xylosandrus germanus.

Keywords:

Hazelnut, Powdery mildew, Fungicides, Mycoparasitic fungus, Trichoderma, Trichoderma,

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