The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of muscle strength, flexibility, and range of motion with pain in musicians playing string instruments. This randomized, controlled trial included 37 in musicians aged range of 19 to 41, including 17 male and 20 female string players. The mean of age, weight, height, and BMI values of musicians playing a string instrument were examined. The amount of pain parameters was measured with the visual analog scale, joints’ range of motion measured with universal goniometer and flexibility measured with Beighton Hypermobility Score. Measured variables were analyzed, compared, and correlated. The mean age of participants was 24.97±5.52 years, and the mean body mass index of participants was 21.69±2.46 kg/m2. Regarding the rough grip, pinch grip muscle strength, pain parameter scores between male and female string players, statistically significant differences were observed (p 0.05). A weak positive correlation observed between muscle strength and pain parameters; a weak negative correlation observed between joints’ the range of motion and pain parameters. Also, a significantly strong negative relationship observed between flexibility and pain parameters. In conclusion, according to scores between female and male string players, statistically significant differences were noticed in the rough grip, pinch grip muscle strength, pain parameters in contrast with flexibility. This study found that flexibility and joints’ range of motion has a negative correlation with pain in musicians playing a string instrument in contrast to muscle strength.
___
Hartsell HD, Tata GE . A retrospective survey of music-related musculoskeletal problems occurring in undergraduate music students. Physiother Can,1991;43:13-8.
Pak CH, Chesky K. Prevalence of hand, finger, and wrist musculoskeletal problems in keyboard instrumentalists: The University of North Texas Musician Health Survey. Med Probl Perform Art. 2001;16:17-23.
Keats TE, Teeslink R, Diamond AE, Williams JH. Normal axial relationships of the major joints. Radiology. 1966;87:904-7.
Jameson T. Musicians and weight training. www.musicianshealth.com. weight.htm. 2000.
Manchester RA. The incidence of hand problems in music students, Medical problems of Performing Artists. 1988.
Manchester RA, Fliede D. Further Observations on the epidemiolojy of hand injuries in music students. Medical problems of Performing Artists ,7. 1992
Mark,T., 2003.Pianist’s Injuries: Movement Retraining is yhe Key to the Recovery, http://www.bodymap.org/aritcles/artpianistnj.html.
Roach K, Martinez M, Anderson N. Musculoskeletal pain in student instrumentalists: A comparison with the general student population. Med Probl Perform Art, 1994;9:125-30.
10. Hiner SL, Brandt KD., Katz BP. Performance-related medical problems among premier violinists. Med Probl Perform Art. 1987;2:67-71.
11. Manchester RA, Flieder D. Further observations on the epidemiology of hand injuries in music students. Med Probl Perform Art. 1991;6:11-14.
12. Marxhausen P, “Musicians and Injuries” http:// eeshop.unl.edu/text/ow.auhttp.
13. Coggon D, Ntani G, Palmer KT, et al. Patterns of multisite pain and associations with risk factors. Pain. 2013;54:1769–77.
14. Kok, L.M., Vlieland, TP, Fiocco M, et al. A comparative study on the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among musicians and nonmusicians. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013;14:9.
15. Bijur PE., Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8:1153-7.
16. Kraemer, WJ, Fry AC. Strength testing: development and evaluation of methodology. In P. Maud & C. Nieman, D.C. (1995). Fitness and sports medicine: A health-related approach (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Bull Publishing.
17. Davies J, Mangion S. Predictors of pain and other musculoskeletal symptoms among professional instrumental musicians: elucidating specific effects. Med Probl Perf Art. 2002;17:155–68.
18. Juul-Kristensen B, Schmedling K, Rombaut L, et al. Measurement properties of clinical assessment methods for classifying generalized joint hypermobility—A systematic review. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet, 2017;175C:116–47.
19. Lederman, RJ. AAEM minimonograph #43: neuromuscular problems in the performing arts. Muscle Nerve. 1994;17:569–77.
20. Hoppmann RA, Reid RR. Musculoskeletal problems of musicians: a niche for the rheumatologist. J Clin Rheumatol: Pract Rep Rheum Musculoskelet Dis. 1995;1:23–5.
21. Rietveld AB. Dancers’ and musicians’ injuries. Clin Rheumatol, 2013;32:42534.
22. Bird HA. Overuse syndrome in musicians. Clin Rheumatol, 2013;32:475–9.
23. Parry CB. Overuse injuries in musicians. BMJ, 1989;299:55.
24. Lockwood A.H. Medical problems of musicians. N Engl J Med, 1989;320:2217.
25. Fry HJ. Overuse syndromes in instrumental musicians. Semin Neurol. 1989;9:136–45.
26. Fry HJ, Hallett M, Mastroianni T. et al. Incoordination in pianists with overuse syndrome. Neurology. 1998;51:512–9.
27. Jorgensen H.. Instrument learning: is an early start a key to success? Br J Music Educ, 2001;18227-39.