Retrospective evaluation of endoscopies of male and postmenopausal female patients with iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common type of anaemia, and its frequency and causes vary according to patient populations. Considering IDA as being an important mortality and morbidity cause, understanding IDA influence on several pathologies is quite necessary. In our study, we investigated gastrointestinal (GIS) pathologies that may lead to IDA in male and postmenopausal female patients. In our study, the data of 234 patients who underwent endoscopy in our hospital due to IDA between 01.01.2016 - 31.12.2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Of the patients participating in the study, 126 were male and 108 were female, and the mean age of the patients was 64.17. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed in 86.7% of the patients, colonoscopy in 44.4%, and both in 31.2%. Lesion detection was 96% in EGD, 56% in colonoscopy, and 97.3% in patients with both. The most common lesions in patients who underwent EGD were non-erosive gastritis, erosive gastritis, and bulboduodenitis. After the biopsy was performed, Helicobacter pylori positivity was found in 35.4%, gastric atrophy in 13.3%, and Celiac disease in 1.4%. The most common lesions in patients who underwent colonoscopy were polyps, hemorrhoids and diverticulum. In general, it was seen that the polyps were less than 3 cm in number and less than 1 cm in size. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease was 5.8%, and ulcerative colitis was more common. In the upper GIS scan, malignancy was 5.1% and gastric adenocarcinoma was 3.6%. The rate of colorectal malignancy, more frequently in the left colon, was determined as 2.9%. In our study, it was observed that IDA patients were frequently accompanied by lesions originating from the GIS system. Considering the variety and complications of lesions in patients with IDA, upper and lower GIS endoscopies should be performed together and without delay.

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