1. Hibbard, L.T. Adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 15;152:456-61. 2. Burnett, L.S. Gynecologic causes of the acute abdomen. Surg Clin North Am. 1988 68:385-98. 3. Houry, D. and J.T. Abbott. Ovarian torsion: a fifteen-year review. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 38:156-9. 4. Breech, L.L. and P.J.A. Hillard. Adnexal torsion in pediatric and adolescent girls. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 17:483-9. 5. Das, J.K., Salam R.A, Thornburg K.L, et al., Nutrition in adolescents: physiology, metabolism, and nutritional needs. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2017. 1393:21-33. 6. Sawyer S.M., Azzopardi P.S, Wickremarathne D, et al., The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2018. 2:223-8. 7. Wildemeersch D, Jandi S, Pett A et al. Use of frameless intrauterine devices and systems in young nulliparous and adolescent women: results of a multicenter study. Int J Womens Health. 2014. 6;6:727. 8. Bider D, Mashiach S, Dulitzky M et al. Clinical, surgical and pathologic findings of adnexal torsion in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991. 173:363-6. 9. Shalev, E. and D. Peleg. Laparoscopic treatment of adnexal torsion. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 176:448-50. 10. Gupta, A., A. Gadipudi, and D. Nayak. A five-year review of ovarian torsion cases: Lessons Learnt. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2020 70:220-4. 11. Cohen, S.B., et al., Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for detorsion and sparing of twisted ischemic adnexa. Jsls. 2003 7:295-9. 12. Gocmen, A., M. Karaca, and A. Sari, Conservative laparoscopic approach to adnexal torsion. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008 277:535-8. 13. Adnexal Torsion in Adolescents: ACOG Committee Opinion No, 783. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 134:e56-e63. 14. Cohen SB, Oelsner G, Seidman DS, et al., Laparoscopic detorsion allows sparing of the twisted ischemic adnexa. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1999 6:139-43. 15. Bayer, A.I. and A.K. Wiskind. Adnexal torsion: can the adnexa be saved? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 171:1506-10; discussion 1510-1. 16. Balci O, Icen MS, Mahmoud AS, et al., Management and outcomes of adnexal torsion: a 5-year experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 284:643-6. 17. Descargues G, Tinlot-Mauger F, Gravier A, et al., Adnexal torsion: a report on forty-five cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001 98:91-6. 18. Mage G, Canis M, Manhes H, et al. Laparoscopic management of adnexal torsion. A review of 35 cases. J Reprod Med. 1989 34:520-4. 19. Mage G, Canis M, Manhes H, et al. [Ovarian cysts and celioscopy. Apropos 226 cases]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1987 16:1053-61. 20. McGovern, P.G., et al., Adnexal torsion and pulmonary embolism: case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1999 54:601-8. 21. Lee, C., S. Raman, and V. Sivanesaratnam, Torsion of ovarian tumors: a clinicopathological study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1989 28:21-5. 22. Oelsner, G. and D. Shashar. Adnexal torsion. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006.49: 459-3. 23. Zweizig S, Perron J, Grubb D, et al. Conservative management of adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 168:1791-5. 24. Oltmann SC, Fischer A, Barber R, et al. Cannot exclude torsion—a 15-year review. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 44:1212-7. 25. Varras M, Tsikini A, Polyzos D, et al. Uterine adnexal torsion: pathologic and gray-scale ultrasonographic findings. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004 31:34-8. 26. Yaniv R.T, Schonmann R, Agizim R, et al., Correlation between the length of ovarian ligament and ovarian torsion: A prospective study. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2019 84:45-9. 27. Nichols, D.H. and P.J. Julian, Torsion of the adnexa. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1985 28:375-80. 28. Powell, J.L., G.P. Foley, and A.S. Llorens. Torsion of the fallopian tube in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 113:115-8. 29. Kokoska, E.R., M.S. Keller, and T.R. Weber. Acute ovarian torsion in children. Am J Surg. 2000 180:462-5. 30. Sommerville M, Grimes DA, Koonings PP, et al. Ovarian neoplasms and the risk of adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 164:577-8. 31. Tobiume T, Shiota M, Umemoto M, et al. Predictive factors for ovarian necrosis in torsion of ovarian tumor. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011 225:211-4. 32. Hubner N, Langer JC, Kives S, et al. Evolution in the management of pediatric and adolescent ovarian torsion as a result of quality improvement measures. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 30:132-7. 33. Oelsner G, Bider D, Goldenberg M, et al. Long-term follow-up of the twisted ischemic adnexa managed by detorsion. Fertil Steril. 1993 60:976- 9. 34. Shalev J, Goldenberg M, Oelsner G, et al. Treatment of twisted ischemic adnexa by simple detorsion. N Engl J Med. 1989 321:546. 35. Taskin O, Birincioglu M, Aydin A, et al., The effects of twisted ischaemic adnexa managed by detorsion on ovarian viability and histology: an ischaemia-reperfusion rodent model. Hum Reprod. 1998 13:2823-7. 36. Wang J.-H, Wu D-H, Jin H, et al. Predominant etiology of adnexal torsion and ovarian outcome after detorsion in p
___
1. Hibbard, L.T. Adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 15;152:456-61.
2. Burnett, L.S. Gynecologic causes of the acute abdomen. Surg Clin North Am. 1988 68:385-98.
3. Houry, D. and J.T. Abbott. Ovarian torsion: a fifteen-year review. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 38:156-9.
4. Breech, L.L. and P.J.A. Hillard. Adnexal torsion in pediatric and adolescent girls. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 17:483-9.
5. Das, J.K., Salam R.A, Thornburg K.L, et al., Nutrition in adolescents: physiology, metabolism, and nutritional needs. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2017. 1393:21-33.
6. Sawyer S.M., Azzopardi P.S, Wickremarathne D, et al., The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2018. 2:223-8.
7. Wildemeersch D, Jandi S, Pett A et al. Use of frameless intrauterine devices and systems in young nulliparous and adolescent women: results of a multicenter study. Int J Womens Health. 2014. 6;6:727.
8. Bider D, Mashiach S, Dulitzky M et al. Clinical, surgical and pathologic findings of adnexal torsion in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991. 173:363-6.
9. Shalev, E. and D. Peleg. Laparoscopic treatment of adnexal torsion. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 176:448-50.
10. Gupta, A., A. Gadipudi, and D. Nayak. A five-year review of ovarian torsion cases: Lessons Learnt. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2020 70:220-4.
11. Cohen, S.B., et al., Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for detorsion and sparing of twisted ischemic adnexa. Jsls. 2003 7:295-9.
12. Gocmen, A., M. Karaca, and A. Sari, Conservative laparoscopic approach to adnexal torsion. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008 277:535-8.
13. Adnexal Torsion in Adolescents: ACOG Committee Opinion No, 783. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 134:e56-e63.
14. Cohen SB, Oelsner G, Seidman DS, et al., Laparoscopic detorsion allows sparing of the twisted ischemic adnexa. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1999 6:139-43.
15. Bayer, A.I. and A.K. Wiskind. Adnexal torsion: can the adnexa be saved? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 171:1506-10; discussion 1510-1.
16. Balci O, Icen MS, Mahmoud AS, et al., Management and outcomes of adnexal torsion: a 5-year experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 284:643-6.
17. Descargues G, Tinlot-Mauger F, Gravier A, et al., Adnexal torsion: a report on forty-five cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001 98:91-6.
18. Mage G, Canis M, Manhes H, et al. Laparoscopic management of adnexal torsion. A review of 35 cases. J Reprod Med. 1989 34:520-4.
19. Mage G, Canis M, Manhes H, et al. [Ovarian cysts and celioscopy. Apropos 226 cases]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1987 16:1053-61.
20. McGovern, P.G., et al., Adnexal torsion and pulmonary embolism: case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1999 54:601-8.
21. Lee, C., S. Raman, and V. Sivanesaratnam, Torsion of ovarian tumors: a clinicopathological study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1989 28:21-5.
22. Oelsner, G. and D. Shashar. Adnexal torsion. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006.49: 459-3.
23. Zweizig S, Perron J, Grubb D, et al. Conservative management of adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 168:1791-5.
24. Oltmann SC, Fischer A, Barber R, et al. Cannot exclude torsion—a 15-year review. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 44:1212-7.
25. Varras M, Tsikini A, Polyzos D, et al. Uterine adnexal torsion: pathologic and gray-scale ultrasonographic findings. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004 31:34-8.
26. Yaniv R.T, Schonmann R, Agizim R, et al., Correlation between the length of ovarian ligament and ovarian torsion: A prospective study. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2019 84:45-9.
27. Nichols, D.H. and P.J. Julian, Torsion of the adnexa. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1985 28:375-80.
28. Powell, J.L., G.P. Foley, and A.S. Llorens. Torsion of the fallopian tube in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 113:115-8.
29. Kokoska, E.R., M.S. Keller, and T.R. Weber. Acute ovarian torsion in children. Am J Surg. 2000 180:462-5.
30. Sommerville M, Grimes DA, Koonings PP, et al. Ovarian neoplasms and the risk of adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 164:577-8.
31. Tobiume T, Shiota M, Umemoto M, et al. Predictive factors for ovarian necrosis in torsion of ovarian tumor. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011 225:211-4.
32. Hubner N, Langer JC, Kives S, et al. Evolution in the management of pediatric and adolescent ovarian torsion as a result of quality improvement measures. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 30:132-7.
33. Oelsner G, Bider D, Goldenberg M, et al. Long-term follow-up of the twisted ischemic adnexa managed by detorsion. Fertil Steril. 1993 60:976- 9.
34. Shalev J, Goldenberg M, Oelsner G, et al. Treatment of twisted ischemic adnexa by simple detorsion. N Engl J Med. 1989 321:546.
35. Taskin O, Birincioglu M, Aydin A, et al., The effects of twisted ischaemic adnexa managed by detorsion on ovarian viability and histology: an ischaemia-reperfusion rodent model. Hum Reprod. 1998 13:2823-7.
36. Wang J.-H, Wu D-H, Jin H, et al. Predominant etiology of adnexal torsion and ovarian outcome after detorsion in premenarchal girls. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2010 20:298-301.
37. Halici Z, Karaca M, Keles ON, et al., Protective effects of amlodipine on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat ovary: biochemical and histopathologic