Blood cell indices in High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Blood cell indices in High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Low patient motivation and relatively long procedures can sometimes limit the gains of the PAP test. At this point, the clinician may need additional stimulating tests to persuade patients to perform screening tests. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of hematological parameters for the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HG-SIL). Ninety-one patients possessing HG-SIL with complete blood counts and 111 healthy patients with normal cervical cytology were reviewed retrospectively. The age, WBC, and RBC count were significantly different in patients with HG-SIL than in controls. A cutoff value was found 42.5 for age (42% sensitivity and 58 % specificity, AUC: 0.604), 8.65 for WBC (44% sensitivity and 68% specificity, AUC: 0.570), and 4.47 for RBC (65% sensitivity and 58% specificity, AUC: 0.628) in ROC curve analysis. The results of the study show that the age of the patients, RBC, and WBC counts are important in precancerous intraepithelial lesions. Clinicians should warn female patients in the risk group to have regular gynecological examinations and screenings.
___
- 1. Pimple SA, Mishra GA. Global strategies for cervical cancer prevention and screening. Minerva Ginecol. 2019;71:313-20.
- 2. GLOBOCAN. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/23-Cervixuteri-fact-sheet.pdf. 2018 (Access date: 11/10/2020)
- 3. Obeidat BR, Amarin ZO, Alzaghal L. Awareness, practice and attitude to cervical Papanicolaou smear among female health care workers in Jordan. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2012;21:372-6.
- 4. Huh WK. The changing face of cervical cancer screening in the United States. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010;8:1329-30.
- 5. TR. Ministry of Health. General directorate of public health. Cancer Department. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-taramastandartlari/listesi/serviks-kanseri-tarama-program%C4%B1-ulusalstandartlar%C4%B1.html
- 6. Yeo C, Fang H, Thilagamangai, et al. Factors affecting Pap smear uptake in a maternity hospital: A descriptive cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:2533-43.
- 7. Schneider V. Criticism of the Pap Smear as a diagnostic tool in cervical cancer screening. Acta Cytol. 2017;61:338-44.
- 8. Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020;21:363-83.
- 9. Koskenkorva-Frank TS, Weiss G, Koppenol WH et al. The complex interplay of iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species: insights into the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;65:1174-94.
- 10. Long T, Long L, Chen Y, et al. Severe cervical inflammation and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: a cross-sectional study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021;303:547-56.
- 11. Leal-Garza CH, Cerda-Flores RM, Leal-Elizondo E, et al. Micronuclei in cervical smears and peripheral blood lymphocytes from women with and without cervical uterine cancer. Mutat Res. 2002;515:57-62.
- 12. Wang D, Wu M, Feng FZ, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios do not predict survival in patients with cervical cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126:1464-68.
- 13. Çalişkan E, Coşkun SK, Öztürk CE et al. Analysis of HPV genotypes and liquid-based cervical cytology: Results from a tertiary academic center in northwestern Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis.2021;74:69-72.
- 14. Basim P, Yuksel M. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of recurrence in surgically-treated anogenital condylomata acuminata patients. Int J STD AIDS. 2020;31:1380-8
- 15. Tas M, Yavuz A, Ak M et al. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Plateletto-Lymphocyte Ratio in Discriminating Precancerous Pathologies from Cervical Cancer. J Oncol. 2019;2476082.
- 16. Wang L, Jia J, Lin L, et al. Predictive value of hematological markers of systemic inflammation for managing cervical cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:44824-32.
- 17. Süleyman G, Gürgen S, Aypak C. HPV Frequency and Protection Behavior of Women with HPV Screening Between 30-65 Years in a Primary Health Care Center. Konuralp Med J. 2020;12:1-4.
- 18. Quemener V, Bansard JY, Delamaire M, et al. Red blood cell polyamines, anaemia and tumour growth in the rat. Eur J Cancer. 1996;32:316-21.
- 19. McSorley ST, Jones DC McMillan D. TalwarQuantitative data on the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response and its relationship with serum measures of iron status. Transl Res. 2016;176:119-26.
- 20. Pinnix ZK, Miller LD, Wang W, et al. Ferroportin and iron regulation in breast cancer progression and prognosis. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2: 43-56.
- 21. Coffman LG, Parsonage D, D'Agostino R, et al. Regulatory effects of ferritin on angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:570–5.
- 22. Bystrom LM, Guzman ML, Rivella S. Iron and reactive oxygen species: friends or foes of cancer cells? Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20:1917-24.
- 23. Chen L, Zhang F, Sheng XG, et al. Peripheral platelet/lymphocyte ratio predicts lymph node metastasis and acts as a superior prognostic factor for cervical cancer when combined with neutrophil: Lymphocyte. Med (Baltimore). 2016;95:e4381.
- 24. Kose M, Celik F, Kose SK, et al. Could the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio be a novel marker for predicting invasiveness of cervical pathologies? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:923-6.
- 25. Chun S, Shin K, Kim KH, et al. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Recurrence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. J Cancer. 2017;8:2205-11.
- 26. Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim HJ, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2012;32:1555- 61.
- 27. Prabawa IPY, Bhargah A, Liwang F, et al. Pretreatment Neutrophil-toLymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as a Predictive Value of Hematological Markers in Cervical Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20:863-8.
- 28. Holub K, Biete A. Impact of systemic inflammation biomarkers on the survival outcomes of cervical cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019;21:836-44.
- 29. Shen WJ, Fu S, Li N, et al. Decreased Mean Platelet Volume is Associated with Cervical Cancer Development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18:1769- 72.
- 30. Bırgı SD, Gultekin M, Yuce D, et al. Definitive Treatment for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis from A Singe Institution. UHOD. 2018;28:19-29.