Nurgül K. BAKIRHAN, Nilgün ÜNAL, Merve ŞAVLUK, Çiğdem YÜCEL

Antimicrobial effective nanoparticles: Mechanisms and recent achievements

Multiple drug resistance in bacteria has become one of the most important global public health concerns in the last few decades. Existing antimicrobials could be inadequate in the treatment of infections caused by multiple antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Research on the development of inexpensive and effective antimicrobials has gained importance recently. Nanotechnology is a promising alternative in the development of new antimicrobials, as in other fields of science. The antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles alone and antimicrobiotics bound to nanoparticles on multiple drug-resistant microorganisms will be discussed in detail. As the treatment of resistant microorganisms with existing agents becomes inadequate, new treatment searches have begun. Considering the long and expensive production processes of a new treatment agent, inexpensive and effective new solutions have become sought after, and it has come to the fore to increase the effectiveness of the existing one and make it effective in the target area. Antimicrobial-based metal nanoparticles are used extensively in various cancer types as they are valuable in tumor detection, early diagnosis, and targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Metal nanoparticles are used as important agents in cancer therapy as they are easily penetrating cells and they are non-toxic to tissues. In this review, nanoparticles that have antimicrobial, antibiofilm effects, and drug delivery systems are discussed with their effect mechanism and different application fields.

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