Çetin Akpolat, Aylin KARADAŞ, Muhammed Mustafa KURT, Ferhat EVLİYAOĞLU, Burak ERDEN, Mustafa Nuri ELÇİOĞLU

Analysis of choroidal thickness in dry type of age-related macular degeneration using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

To evaluate and compare the choroidal thickness in old-aged (>45 years) patients with dry type of age releated macular degeneration and age-matched normal population using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary eye clinic center. The study consists of 2 study and 1 control groups. Fifty-three eyes of 27 patients and 56 eyes of 28 patiens who were firstly diagnosed with dry type of age releated macular degeneration were participated in the study groups and 64 eyes of 32 individuals without any retinal or choroidal disorder were participated in the control group. All 173 eyes underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including optical coherence tomography. An experienced observer measured choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. No statistically significiant difference was established between the means of age among three groups. The distribution of choroidal thickness measurements demonstrated a normal distribution in all 3 groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups in terms of mean choroidal thickness, but there were significant differences in mean choroidal thickness between the control group and both study groups. In our study, it was observed that choroidal thickness can be analysed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and choroidal thickness in patients with dry type of age releated macular degeneration is appeared to be thinner than normal age-matched population.

PDF

___

Klaver CC, Wolfs RC, Vingerling JR, et al. Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol.1998;116:653-8

Klein R, Peto T, Bird A, et al. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:486-95.

Von Ruckmann A, Fitzke FW, Bird AC. Fundus autofluorescence in agerelated macular disease imaged with a laser scanning Ophthalmoscope. Vis Sci.1997;38:478-86.

Tolentino MJ, Brucker AJ, Fosnot J, et al. Intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor small interfering RNA inhibits growth and leakage in a nonhuman primate, laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularization. Retina. 2004;24:660

Hageman GS, Anderson DH, Johnson LV, et al. A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H (HF1/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:722732.

Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;6:CD000253. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;30:7

Bergers G, Song S, Meyer-Morse N, et al. Benefits of targeting both pericytes and endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature with kinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1287-95.

Bradley J, Ju M, Robinson GS. Combination therapy for the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Angiogenesis. 2007;10:141-8.

Chan WM, Lai TY, Tano Y, et al. Photodynamic therapy in macular diseases of asian populations: when East meets West. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2006;50:1619.

Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254:1178-81.

Drexler W, Fujimoto JG. State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27:45-88.

Sander B, Larsen M, Thrane L, et al. Enhanced optical coherence tomography imaging by multiple scan averaging. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:207-12.

Ferguson RD, Hammer DX, Paunescu LA, et al. Tracking optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2004;29:2139-41

Potsaid B, Gorczynska I, Srinivasan VJ, et al. Ultrahigh speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT ophthalmic imaging at 70,000 to 312,500 axial scans per second. Opt Express. 2008;16:15149-69.

Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC. Enhanced depth imaging spectraldomainopticalcoherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:496-500.

Margolis R, Spaide RF. A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147:811-5.

Imamura Y, Fujiwara T, Margolis R, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina. 2009;29:1469-73.

Manjunath V, Taha M, Fujimoto JG, et al. Choroidal thickness in normal eyes measured using Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150:325-29.

Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:2173-6.

Danis RP, Domalpally A, Chew EY, et al. Methods and reproducibility of grading optimized digital color fundus photographs in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2(AREDS2 Report Number 2). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:4548-54.

Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC. Enhanced depth imaging spectraldomain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:496-500.

Lütjen-Drecoll E. Choroidal innervation in primate eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2006;82:357-61.

Kiel JW, van Heuven WA. Ocular perfusion pressure and choroidal blood flow in the rabbit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:579-85.

Kiel JW. Endothelin modulation of choroidal blood flow in the rabbit. Exp Eye Res. 2000;71:543-50.

Funk M, Karl D, Georgopoulos M, et al. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: intraocular cytokines and growth factors and the influence of therapy with ranibizumab. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2393-9.

Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1897908.

Mrejen S, Spaide RF. Optical coherence tomography: imaging of the choroid and beyond. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013;58:387-429.

Chakraborty R, Read SA, Collins MJ. Diurnal variations in axial length, choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure, and ocular biometrics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:5121-9.

Schmidl D, Garhofer G, Schmetterer L. The complex interaction between ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow-relevance for glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2011;93:141-55.

Grunwald JE, Hariprasad SM, DuPont J, et al. Foveolar choroidal blood flow in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:385-90.

Grunwald JE, Hariprasad SM, DuPont J. Effect of aging on foveolar choroidal circulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:150-4. 32.

Fung AE, Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, et al. An optical coherence tomography guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:566-83.

Manjunath V, Goren J, Fujimoto JG, et al. Analysis of choroidal thickness in age-related macular degeneration using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152:663-8.

Spaide RF. Age-related choroidal atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147:801-10.

Pournaras CJ, Logean E, Riva CE, et al. Regulation of subfoveal choroidal blood flow in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:1581-6.

Bhutto IA, Baba T, Merges C, et al. Low nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exp Eye Res. 2010;90:155-67.

Ko A, Cao S, Pakzad-Vaezi K, et al. Optical coherence tomography-based correlation between choroidal thickness and drusen load in dry age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2013;33:1005-10.

Wood A, Binns A, Margrain T, et al. Retinal and choroidal thickness in early age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152:1030-8.

Kim JH, Kang SW, Kim JR, et al. Variability of subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements in patients with age-related macular degeneration and central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond). 2013;27:809-15.

Boonarpha N, Zheng Y, Stangos AN, et al. Standardization of choroidal thickness measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015;8:484-91.

Laíns I, Wang J, Providência J, et al.Choroidal Changes Associated with Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in Age-related Macular Degeneration using Swept-source optical Coherence Tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;180:55-63.

Spaide RF. Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness. Retina. 2018;38:708-16.