SOSYAL SİSTEM KURAMI VE EĞİTİM ÖRGÜTLERİNE ETKİLERİ
Sosyal sistem kavramı, küçük, istikrarlı bir grupta oluşabilecek biçimsel rolü ve statü yapısını ifade eder. Bireyler, çekirdek aile birimleri, topluluklar, şehirler, uluslar, üniversite kampüsleri, şirketler ve okulların da yer aldığı çok çeşitli ve birden çok sosyal sisteme ait olabilir. Bir sosyal sistem içindeki grupların organizasyonu ve tanımı, konum, sosyoekonomik durum, ırk, din, toplumsal işlev veya diğer ayırt edici özellikler gibi paylaşılan çeşitli niteliklere bağlıdır. Talcott Parsons uyum, hedefe ulaşma, bütünleşme ve örüntü sürdürme paradigmasının bir parçası olarak geliştirdiği sistematik bir sosyal sistem kuramını ortaya atan ilk kişidir. Sosyal sistem, eylem kuramı olarak adlandırılan kuramın yalnızca bir parçası (veya alt-sistem) olarak tanımlamıştır. Parsons, sosyal sistemi eylem birimlerine göre düzenlemiştir; burada bir kişi tarafından gerçekleştirilen bir eylem tek bir birimdir ve bir sosyal sistem, aktörler arasındaki etkileşim ağı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Parsons'ın çalışmaları, eylem, iletişim veya diğer ilişkiler gibi etrafında hangi sosyal sistemlerin kurulması gerektiği konusunda tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Tarlcott Parsons’ın kuramları üzerine kuramsal tarama olarak desenlenen bu çalışmada ayrıca kuramın eğitime olan etkileri de incelemektedir. Çalışma, Parsons’ın yapısal-işlevsel kuramı?, genel aksiyon kuramı, örgüt anlayışı ve kuramın eğitimle ilişkisi bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada Parsons’ın Kuramları tüm yönleriyle analiz edilmiş olup kuramın eğitim örgütlerine nasıl yansıdığına ilişkin teorik bir analiz sunulmuştur
Anahtar Kelimeler:
sosyal sistem, genel aksiyon kuramı, yapısal-işlevsel kuram, eğitim
SOCIAL SYSTEM THEORY AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The concept of the social system refers to the formal structure of role and status that can form in a small, stable group. An individual may belong to multiple social systems at once; examples of social systems include nuclear family units, communities, cities, nations, college campuses, corporations, and industries. The organization and definition of groups within a social system depend on various shared characteristics such as location, socioeconomic status, race, religion, societal function, or other distinguishable features. Talcott Parsons was the first to propose a systematic social system theory, which he developed as part of the paradigm of adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency/pattern maintenance. The social system defined it as only part (or sub-system) of the so-called action theory. Parsons organized social systems in terms of action units, where one action executed by an individual is one unit and he defines a social system as a network of interactions between actors. Parsons' work ignited the debate over what framework social systems should be built around, such as actions, communication, or other relationships. This study, designed as a theoretical review of Talcott Parsons' theories, also examines the effects of theories on education. This study consists of Parsons' structural-functional theory, general action theory, organizational and evolutionary concepts, and education-related parts of the theory. In this study, Parsons' Theory is analyzed in all aspects and a theoretical analysis of how the theory is reflected in educational organizations is presented.
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- ISSN: 2717-8390
- Başlangıç: 2017
- Yayıncı: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi