Yeni kalkınmacı devlet modeli bağlamında ulusal ilaç politikası: Brezilya deneyimi

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ulusal bir ilaç politikası geliştirmenin Yeni Kal- kınmacı Devlet Modeli açısından ne derece önemli olabileceğini araştırmaktır. Çalış- manın birinci bölümünde, değişen dünya dinamikleri ve bu dinamiklerin Kalkınmacı Devlet Modeli üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde Yeni Kalkınmacı Dev- let Modeli açısından sağlık özelinde sosyal politikaların önemi değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde küresel ilaç endüstrisinin yapısı ve küresel ilaç tedariği incelenmiş- tir. Dördüncü bölümde Yeni Kalkınmacı Devlet Modeli çerçevesinde ulusal bir ilaç politikasının önemi sorgulanmıştır. Beşinci ve son bölümde ise, Brezilyanın ulusal ilaç politikası deneyimi analiz edilmiştir. Brezilya deneyimi göstermektedir ki, sosyal ve ekonomik amaçlarını aynı anda hayata geçirmesine imkan tanıyacak bir devlet yapısını ve bu yapının gerektirdiği devlet toplum ilişkilerini oluşturmak mümkündür.

National drug policy in the context ofnew developmental state model: The brazilian experiance the

The main purpose of this study, to develop a national drug policy in terms of the new developmental state model may be important to investigate to what extent. In the first section, the dynamics of the changing global dynamics and their effects on developmental state model are investigated. In the second section the importance of social policies in the case of the new developmental state model was evaluated in ter- ms of health. In the third section the structure of the global pharmaceutical industry and the global drug supply were studied. In the fourth section the importance of a national drug policy within the framework of the new developmental state model was questioned. The fifth and final chapter, Brazil s national drug policy experience has been analyzed. Brazilian experience shows that to create a state structure which al- lows to effect social and economic purposes together and state-society relations which demand this structure, are possible.

PDF

___

ACHARYA, T., Science and Technology for wealth and health in developing count- ries. Global Public Health, Vol.2, No.1, 2007, s.53-63.
AMSDEN, Alice H., The Rise of The Rest Challenges To The West From La- te-Industrializing Economies, USA, Oxford University Press, 2001.
BRESSER PEREIRA, Luiz Carlos, From Old to New Developmentalism in Latin America, http://www.bresserpereira.org.br/papers/2009/09.08.New_Deve- lopmentalismLatin_America-TD193.pdf, 2009, Erişim Tarihi (04/11/2012).
BERMUDEZ, Jorge A. Z., Oliveira, Maria Auxiliadora ve de Oliveira Egleubia And- rade. Expanding Access to Essential Medicines in Brazil: Recent Regulati- on and Public Policies, Intellectual Property in the Context of the WTO TRIPS Agreement: Challenges for Public Health, Der: Jorge A.Z. Bermu- dez, ve Maria Auxiliadora Oliveira (Ed.), Rio de Janeiro, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2007, s.129-150.
CALDENTEY, E. P., The Concept and Evolution of the Developmental State, In- ternational Journal of Political Economy, Vol.37, No.3, 2008, s.27-53.
CHANG, Ha-Joon, Kicking Away The Ladder: Policies And Institutions For Eco- nomic Development In Historical Perspective, London. Anthem Pres, 2002.
CHANG, Ha-Joon, The Role of Social Policy in Economic Development: Some Theoretical Reflections and Lessons from East Asia, Social Policy in a De- velopment Context, Der: T. Mkandawire, New York, Palgrave Mcmillian, 2004, s.246-261.
CHANG, Ha-Joon, The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, the Crisis and the Future, New York, Zed Books, 2007.
CHANG, Ha-Joon, Institutional Change and Economic Development: An Introdu- ction, Institutional Change and Economic Development, Der: Ha-Joon Chang, New York, United Nations University, 2007, s.1-17.
CHANG, Ha-Joon, How to do a developmental state: political, organisational and human resource requirements for developmental state, Constructing a de- mocratic developmental state in south africa potentials and challenges, Der: Omano Edigheji, South Africa, HSRC Press, 2010, s.82-96.
Chapter 5: Key Sectors, Brazil Business Forecast Report, 4th Quarter, 2010, s.51- 56.
CLOETE, Fanie ve Christelle Auriacombe, Measuring Empowerment in Democra- tic Developmental States, http://umdcipe.org/conferences/Moscow/papers/ Measuring_Empowerment_in_Democratic_Developmental_States.pdf, 2011, Erişim Tarihi (24/09/2011).
COHEN, Jillian Clare, Developing States Responses To the Pharmaceutical Impe- ratives of The TRIPS Agreement, The Economics of Essential Medicines, Der: Brigitte Granvile, Londra, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2002, s.115-136.
DATAMONITOR, Pharmaceuticals in Brazil,. www.datamonitor.com, 2012, Busi- ness Source Complete veri tabanı. Erişim Tarihi (13/05/2008)
DUTFIELD, Graham, Does One Size Fit All? The International Patent Regime, Harvard International Review, Vol.51, 2004, s.51-54.
ECONOMİC INTELLIGENCE UNIT [EIU], Industry Report: Healthcare Brazil, The Economic Intelligence Unit, London, 2012
EDIGHEJI, Omano, Constructing a Democratic Developmental State: Potentials and Challenges, Constructing a Democratic Developmental State: Potentials and Challenges, Der: Omano Edigheji , South Africa, HSRC Pres,2010, s.1- 33.
EIMER, Thomas ve Susanne Lütz, Developmental States, Civil Society and Public Health: Patent Regulation for HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in India and Brazil, Regulation&Governance, Vol.4, No.2, 2010. s.135-153.
EVANS, Peter, In Search of The 21st Century Developmental State, GGPE/Univer- sity of Sussex, Brigton, Working Paper No:4, 2008.
EVANS, Peter, Constructing the 21st century developmental state: Potentialities and pitfalls, Constructing a democratic developmental state in south af- rica potentials and challenges, Der: Omano Edigheji, Omano, South Africa, HSRC Press, 2010, s.37-58.
GALVAO, Jane, Access to antiretroviral drugs in Brazil, The Lancet. Vol.360, No.9348, 2002, s.1862-1865.
GALVAO, Jane, Brazil and Access to HIV/AIDS Drugs: A Question of Human Ri- ghts and Public Health, American Journal of Public and Ethics, Vol.95, No.7, 2005, s.1110-1116.
HANDLER, Michael ve Bryan Mercurio, Intellectual Property, Bilateral and Re- gional Trade Agreements Case Studies, Der: Simon Lester, ve Bryan Mercu- rio, New York, Cambridge University Pres, 2009, s.308-341.
HAYASHI, S., The Developmental State in the Era of Globalization: Beyond the Northeast Asian Model of Political Economy, The Pacific Review, Vol.23, No.1, 2010, s.45-69.
HOBSON, John M. ve M. Ramesh, Globalisation Makes of States What States Make of It: Between Agency and Structure in State/Globalisation Debate, New Po- litical Economy, Vol.7, No.1, 2002, s.5-21.
HSIEH, C.R. ve H. Löfgren, Biopharmaceutical Innovation and Industrial Develop- ment in South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Aust Health Rev, Vol.33, No.2, 2009, s.245-257.
JOHNSON, Chalmers, MITI and The Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industri- al Policy, 1925-1975, California, Stanford University Press, 1982.
KIM, Soon-Yong, The East Asian Developmental State and Its Economic and Social Policies: The Case of Korea, International Review of Public Administrati- on, Vol.12, No.2, 2008, s.69-87.
KOHLI, Atul. States and Economic Development, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol.29, No.2, 2009, s.212-227.
KREMER, Michael, Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World, Journal of Eco- nomic Perspectives, Vol.16, No.4, 2002, s. 67-90.
KWON, Huck-Ju. Reform of the Developmental State in Korea: Advocacy Coalitions and Health Politics, Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia, Der: Kwon, Huck-Ju, New York, Palgrave Mcmillian, 2005, s.27-49.
KWON, Huck-Ju., Thandika Mkandawire ve Joakim Palme, Introduction: Social Policy and Economic Development in Late Industrializers, International Journal of Social Welfare, Vol.18, No.1, 2009, s.1-11.
KWON, Huck-Ju, The Reform of the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia, In- ternational Journal of Social Welfare, Vol.18, No.1, 2009, s.12-21.
LEFTWICH, A, Bringing Politics Back In: Towards a Model of the Developmental State, Journal of Development Studies, Vol.31, No.3, 1995, s.400-427.
MKANDAWIRE, Thandika, Social Policy in a Development Context: Introduction, Social Policy in a Development Context, Der: T. Mkandawire, New York, Palgrave Mcmillian, 2004, s.1-33.
MINISTERIO de SAUDE, Medicines, http://www.aids.gov.br/data/Pages/LU- MIS9DDD0E43ENIE.htm, Erişim Tarihi (7/7/2008).
MCCABE, Ariane, Rhetorics of Power and Development: Intellectual Property Ri- ghts and The Pharmaceutical Industry in Brazil, Perspectives on Global De- velopment and Technology, Vol. 6, 2007, s.585-610.
ONİŞ, Ziya, The Logic of The Developmental State, Comparative Politics, Vol.24, No.1, 1991, s.109-126. Pharmaceuticals Report, Latin America Monitor: Brazil Monitor, Vol.18, No.7, 2012, s.6-8.
PHARMAINTELLECT, Top Ten Pharmaceutical Markets in the World, 2011, http://www.pharmaintellect.com/2011/04/top-ten-pharmaceutical-mar- kets-in-world.html, Erişim Tarihi (06/10/2012).
SEITER, Andreas, A Practical Approach to Pharmaceutical Policy, Genava, The World Bank, 2010.
SELL, Susan K., TRIPS-Plus Free Trade Agreements and Access To Medicines, Liverpool Law Review, Vol.48, 2007, s.41-75.
SHADLEN, Ken, Policy Space for Development in the Wto and Beyond: the Case of Intellectual Property Rights, Tufts University, USA, Global Development and Enviroment Institute Working Paper No:05-06, 2002.
The ASSOCIATION of BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY [ABPI], Top World Pharmaceutical Corporations, 2011, http://www.abpi.org.uk/in- dustry-info/knowledge-hub/global-industry/Pages/pharmaceutical-com- panies.aspx, Erişim Tarihi (06/10/2012).
WADE, Robert, Governing the market - economic theory and the role of govern- ment in East Asian industrialization, New Jersey, Princeton University Pres, 1992
WEISS, Linda ve John M. Hobson, States and economic development: a compara- tive historical analysis, Cambridge, Polity Pres, 1995
WEISS, Linda, Developmental States in Transition: Adapting, Dismantling, Inno- vating, Not Normalizing, The Pacific Review, Vol.13, No.1, 2000, s.21-55.
WHITE, Gordon, Towards a Democratic Developmental State, IDS Bulletin, Vol.37, No.4, 2006, s. 60-70.
WHO,How to develop andva. WHO, 1988. implement a national drug policy, 2nd Edition, Gene-
WHO, The World Medicine Situation 2004, Geneva. WHO, 2004.
WHO, Death and DALY Estimates for 2004 bu cause for WHO Member States, 2009, http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/gbddeath- dalycountryestimates2004.xls , Erişim Tarihi (20/11/2012).
WHO, Death and DALY Estimates for 2008 bu cause for WHO Member States, 2011, http://www.who.int/entity/gho/mortality_burden_disease/global_burden_ disease_death_estimates_sex_2008.xlss , Erişim Tarihi (20/11/2012).
WHO, The World Medicines Situation Report, 2011, http://apps.who.int/medicine- docs/documents/s18767en/s18767en.pdf, Erişim Tarihi (25/11/2011).
WONG, Joseph, Technology and Health in East Asia: Towards a New Health Policy Paradigm, 2005, http://www.utoronto.ca/ai/canada-korea/papers/Josep- hWong.tech.health.newparadigm.doc , Erişim Tarihi (20/09/2010).
WORLD BANK, Health Nutrition and Population Statistics 2011, World Bank Da- tabank, Erişim Tarihi (03/01/2012).
WORLD BANK, World Development Indicators 2012, World Bank Data Bank, Eri- şim Tarihi (20/12/2012)
YAŞGÜL, Yaşar Serhat, Fikri Mülkiyet Haklarının Yükselişinde Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerin Uyguladıkları Stratejilerin Küresel Politik Ekonomi Yönünden Ana- lizi-İlaç Sektörü Örneği, İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ens- titüsü, 2009, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi)