Diseases caused by Candida and other fungal species are seen more frequently in recent years due to close association between their opportunistic nature and increasing number of immunocompromised and intensive care patients. Either developed surgical and medical procedures for head and neck malignancies which may cause immunosuppresion, or invasion of ENT organs during systemic infections in immunocompromised patients may be seen. New diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and approaches to such patients considering pathogenesis of Candida infections were reviewed, so as to bring the clinician's site of view to the balance between the immune condition of the host and virulence of the opportunistic fungi.