Objective: This study aims to investigate surgical intervention as a risk factor for HCV infection.Methods: Eighty eight HCV positive cases and 182 HCV negative controls were compared with regards to history of operation and transfusion.Results: History of surgical intervention was present in 51 (57.9%) in case group and 78 (42.8%) in control group. The odds ratio was 1.79 (p<0.05). Most frequent types of operation were gynecologic operation, apendectomy, and heart or lung operations.Conclusion: These results suggest that surgery may be a risk for transmission of HCV in Turkey.