Bilal GÖRENTAŞ

6519

Coğrafya ve Sınır

Sınırlar, birçok disiplin için giderek artan ilgi çekici araştırma alanları olmuşlardır. Bu çalışma, sınır çalışmaları alanındaki mevcut literatürü kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. İlk olarak, sınırların bir araştırma alanı olarak nasıl anlaşılması ve çalışılması gerektiğini netleştirecek bir kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulacaktır. Ardından, tarihsel bir perspektiften sınır çalışmalarının sürekli değişen ve gelişen ilgi alanları değerlendirilecektir. Bu makale, sürekli gelişerek ilerleyen bu araştırma alanının daha iyi anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacak değerlendirmeler sunmaktadır. Sınırlar, sadece bir mekanın hudutlarının oluşturulmasıyla ilgili değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal bir birlikteliğin meydana getirilmesiyle de ilgilidirler. Bu yüzden, sınır kurumu, sosyo-mekansal homojenleşme ve farklılaşmanın oluşturulduğu sürekli devam eden bir süreç olarak görülmelidirler. Bireysel ve kolektif kimlik oluşturulmasında sınır önemli bir yere sahiptir. Döngüsel bir şekilde, sınırlar bireysel ve kolektif bilinçleri şekillendirmekte ve bu bilinçler tarafından şekillenmektedirler. Tanım itibariyle sınır, taraflar oluşturma ve bu taraflardan birine ait olmakla alakalıdır; bu yüzden beraberinde bir çok dikotomi oluşturur: içeri-dışarı, biz-öteki, dahil etme-dışlama. Bir ‘ötekinin’ varlığını tahayyül etme süreci, sınır oluşturmadaki en önemli süreçtir. Bu makale, sınır çalışmalarında görülen birçok dikotominin aşılması gerektiğini savunmaktadır: sınırlar sembolik mi – fiziksel mi; gerçek mi – suni mi; bariyer mi – kültürel karşılaşma ve etkileşme alanları mı; yukarıdan aşağı mı üretilir – aşağıdan yukarı mı; sadece hudutlarda mı yer alır – birçok alanda mı görülür. Bu makale, bu sürekli evrilen araştırma alanının daha iyi kavranmasını ve çalışılmasını sağlayacak önemli analizlerden oluşmaktadır.

GEOGRAPHY AND BORDER

There has been an increasing interest in borders from a variety of disciplines. This paper scrutinizes an extensive range of literature in the border studies. Initially, it draws a conceptual framework that clarifies how to approach and study borders. Later, it identifies constantly evolving concerns in the border studies from a historical perspective. It provides valuable insights into how to understand this continually progressing research area. It argues that borders are not just about producing a bounded space but also producing a social collectiveness. Bordering is an on-going process through which socio-spatial homogenisations and differentiations occur. Borders inform individual and collective identities; they shape and are shaped by collective and individual consciousness. Borders, by definition, are about creating and taking sides, which construct many more associated dichotomies: inside-outside; we-they; inclusion-exclusion; and us-the other. The process of imagining the existence of ‘other’ is crucial in creating borders. The paper also argues that there is a need to move beyond many dichotomies in border studies: symbolic or material; real or imaginary; barriers or zones of cultural encounters; top-down or bottom-up; and frontiers or multiple sites. This paper provides an important insight into this constantly evolving research area.
PDF

___

  • Yeung, H. W.-c., Liu, W., & Dicken, P. (2006). Transnational corporations and network effects of a local manufacturing cluster in mobile telecommunications equipment in China. World Development, 34(3), 520-540.
  • Yeoh, B. S. A., Willis, K. D., & Fakhri, S. M. A. K. (2003). Introduction: Transnationalism and its edges. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26(2), 207-217.
  • Voigt-Graf, C. (2004). Towards a geography of transnational spaces: Indian transnational communities in Australia. Global Networksa Journal of Transnational Affairs, 4(1), 25-49.
  • Vertovec, S. (2001). Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 573-582.
  • Vertovec, S. (1999). Conceiving and researching transnationalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(2), 447-462.
  • Van Houtum, H., Kramsch, O. T. & Zierhofer, W. (2005). B/ordering Space: Ashgate.
  • Van Houtum, H. (2005). The geopolitics of borders and boundaries. Geopolitics, 10(4), 672-679.
  • Urry, J. (2000). Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-first Century: Routledge.
  • Spykman, N. J. (1942). Frontiers, security, and international organization. Geographical Review, 32(3), 436-447.
  • Smith, M. P. (2005). Transnational urbanism revisited. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(2), 235-244.
  • Sibley, D. (1995). Geographies of Exclusion: Society and Difference in the West. Routledge.
  • Schiller, N. G., Basch, L. & Blanc, C. S. (1995). From immigrant to transmigrant: Theorizing transnational migration. Anthropological quarterly, 48-63.
  • Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
  • Sack, R. D. (1986). Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rumford, C. (2012). Towards a multiperspectival study of borders. Geopolitics, 17(4), 887-902.
  • Rumford, C. (2008). Introduction: Citizens and borderwork in Europe. Space and Polity, 12(1), 1-12.
  • Rumford, C. (2006). Theorizing borders. European Journal of Social Theory, 9(2), 155-169.
  • Paasi, A. (2012). Border studies reanimated: going beyond the territorial/relational divide. Environment and Planning A, 44(10), 2303-2309.
  • Paasi, A. (2011). A border theory: An unattainable dream or a realistic aim for border scholars? The Ashgate research companion to border studies, 11-31.
  • Paasi, A. (2009). Bounded spaces in a ‘borderless world’: border studies, power and the anatomy of territory. Journal of Power, 2(2), 213-234.
  • Paasi, A. (2005). Generations and the ‘development’ of border studies. Geopolitics, 10(4), 663-671.
  • Paasi, A. (1999). Boundaries as social practice and discourse: The Finnish‐Russian border. Regional Studies, 33(7), 669-680.
  • Paasi, A. (1998). Boundaries as social processes: territoriality in the world of flows. Geopolitics, 3(1), 69-88.
  • Ohmae, K. (1995). The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies: Free Press.
  • Newman, D. & Paasi, A. (1998). Fences and neighbours in the postmodern world: boundary narratives in political geography. Progress in Human Geography, 22(2), 186-207.
  • Newman, D. (2006). The lines that continue to separate us: borders in our 'borderless' world. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 143-161.
  • Newman, D. (2003). On borders and power: a theoretical framework. Journal Of Borderlands Studies, 18(1), 13-25.
  • Minghi, J. V. (1963). Boundary Studies in political geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 53(3), 407-428.
  • Levitt, P. (2001). Transnational migration: taking stock and future directions. Global Networks, 1(3), 195-216.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Oxford Blackwell.
  • Kearney, M. (1995). The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 547-565.
  • Jones, R. (2009b). Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34(3), 290-304.
  • Jones, R. (2009a). Categories, borders and boundaries. Progress in Human Geography, 33(2), 174-189.
  • Johnson, C., Jones, R., Paasi, A., Amoore, L., Mountz, A., Salter, M. & Rumford, C. (2011). Interventions on rethinking ‘the border’ in border studies. Political Geography, 30(2), 61-69. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.01.002
  • Itzigsohn, J., Cabral, C. D., Medina, E. H., & Vazquez, O. (1999). Mapping Dominican transnationalism: narrow and broad transnational practices. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(2), 316-339.
  • Holdich, S. T. H. (1916). Political frontiers and boundary making: Macmillan and Co.
  • Hirst, P., & Thompson, G. (2001). Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hedetoft, U. (2003). The Global Turn: National Encounters with the World: Aalborg University Press.
  • Hannerz, U. (1996). Transnational connections: culture, people, places: Routledge London.
  • Guarnizo, L. E. (2003). The Economics of transnational living. International Migration Review, 37(3), 666-699.
  • Donnan, H. & Wilson, T. M. (1999). Borders: frontiers of identity, nation and state: Berg Publishers.
  • Dicken, P., Forsgren, M. & Malmberg, A. (1994). The Local embeddedness of the Transnational Corporation.
  • Conradson, D. & Latham, A. (2005). Transnational urbanism: attending to everyday practices and mobilities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(2), 227-233.
  • Castells, M. (1992). The Informational City: Economic Restructuring and Urban Development: Wiley.
  • Brunet-Jailly, E. (2011). Special section: Borders, borderlands and theory: an introduction. Geopolitics, 16(1), 1-6.
  • Boggs, S. W. (1940). International boundaries: a study of boundary functions and problems: Columbia University Press.
  • Bauder, H. (2011). Toward a Critical geography of the border: engaging the dialectic of practice and meaning. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101(5), 1126-1139.
  • Basch, L. (1993). Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, And Deterritorialized Nation-States: Routledge.
  • Balibar, E. (2004). We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Balibar, E. (2002). Politics and the Other Scene. Verso.
  • Balibar, E. (1998). The borders of Europe. Cultural Politics. 14, 216-232.
  • Bachelard, G. (1994). The Poetics of Space: Beacon Press.
  • Appadurai, A. (1996). Global ethnoscapes: Notes and queries for a transnational anthropology.
  • Anderson, J. & O'Dowd, L. (1999). Borders, border regions and territoriality: contradictory meanings, changing significance. Regional Studies, 33(7), 593-604.
  • Anderson, J. (1995). The Exaggerated Death of the Nation-state. Open University Press.
  • Amoore, L. (2011). On the line: writing the geography of the virtual border. Political Geography, 30(2), 63-64.
  • Amoore, L. (2006). Biometric borders: Governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political Geography, 25(3), 336-351.
  • Amin, A. & Thrift, N. J. (1994). Globalization, Institutions, and Regional Development in Europe. Oxford University Press.
  • Agnew, J. (2008). Borders on the mind: re-framing border thinking. Ethics & Global Politics, 1(4).
  • Adey, P., Bennett, C. J., Fuller, G., Klauser, F. R., Lahav, G., Lyon, D. & Salter, M. B. (2008). Politics at the Airport. University of Minnesota Press.
MARMARA COĞRAFYA DERGİSİ-Cover
  • ISSN: 1303-2429
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1997
  • Yayıncı: Marmara Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Coğrafya ve Sınır

Bilal GÖRENTAŞ