Covid-19 Aşısı, İlaç Şirketleri ve İnsan Haklarına İlişkin Sorumlulukları

Covid-19 aşısına erişim öncelikle sağlık ve yaşam haklarının, yanı sıra bilimsel gelişme ve uygulamaların faydalarından yararlanma hakkının gereğidir. Ne var ki şu ana kadar etkinliği kanıtlanmış ve onay alan aşıların çoğu, ilaç şirketlerince geliştirilmiş, fikrî mülkiyet ve patent hakkına konu olan ürünlerdir. Bu da kâr amacı güden özel teşebbüsler ile kamu arasında bir çıkar çatışması doğmasına neden olmaktadır. Temel haklar perspektifinden bakıldığında ise Covid-19 aşısının küresel kamu malı olarak görülmesi ve herkesin etkili ve güvenli bir aşıya erişiminin sağlanması gerekir. Bu makalede ilaç şirketlerinin uluslararası insan hakları hukuku kapsamındaki sorumlulukları Covid-19 aşısına odaklanarak ele alınmakta ve insan hakları özen yükümlülüğünün gerekleri değerlendirilmektedir. Sağlık hakkının gerçekleştirilmesinde ilaç şirketlerinin özen yükümlülüğünden doğan ödevleri vardır. Covid-19 aşısına ve tedaviye erişimin sağlanması da bu kapsamdadır. Bu bağlamda fikrî mülkiyet ve patent haklarına getirilen sınırlamaların, insan hakları ve biyoetik açısından uygun ve hatta elzem olduğu savunulmaktadır.

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