İlaçlar ve Kimyasal Ajanların Neden Olduğu Karaciğer Hastalıkları

İnsan vücudunda ilaç ve toksik maddelerin elimine ve metabolize edildikleri en önemli organın karaciğer olması, ilaçların ve diğer kimyasal ajanların neden olduğu karaciğer hasarının mevcut neredeyse bütün ilaçların olası bir komplikasyonu olarak karşımıza çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Vücuda alındıktan sonra intestinal mukozadan ve hepatosit membranından geçen bu toksik maddeler karaciğerde biyotransformasyona uğrarayarak suda eriyen ve böylelikle idrar ya da safra yolu ile atılabilen bileşikler haline çevrilirler. Bu sırada karaciğer, toksik potansiyele sahip çok çeşitli kimyasal ajanlara ve metabolitlere maruz kalmaktadır. Bu makalede karaciğerin maruz kaldığı ilaçlar ve toksik ajanların neden olduğu karaciğer hasarının fizyopatolojik mekanizmaları, bu hastalıkların epidemiyolojik özellikleri ve rol oynayan bireysel ve çevresel faktörler üzerinde durulmakta ve karakteristik klinik özellikleri ile bazı tedavi yaklaşımları tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karaciğer hasarı, ilaçlar, kimyasal ajanlar, toksik hepatit

Liver Diseases Caused by Drugs and Chemical Agents

Because liver is the most important organ in the human body where drugs and toxic materials are metabolized and eliminated, liver injury caused by drugs and other chemical agents is eventually seen as a possible complication of almost all prescribed medications. These toxic materials which pass through intestinal mucosa and hepatocyte membrane, after being ingested in the body, are transformed into compounds that are excreted either by urine or bile. During this transformation liver is exposed to several chemical agents and metabolites that are potentially toxic. In this manuscript, pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury caused by drugs and toxic agents which liver was exposed to, is being presented as well as the epidemiological features and individual and environmental factors that play a role in these diseases. Characteristic clinical features and some treatment implications are also discussed.

Keywords:

Liver injury, drugs, chemical agents, toxic hepatitis,

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