Samaritan Çıkmazı Bağlamında Dış Yardımların Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Ampirik Bir Analiz

Küreselleşen dünyada ülkeler arasındaki gelişmişlik farkının azaltılması amacıyla gelişmiş ülkeler veya uluslararası mali kuruluşlar tarafından çeşitli ülkelere yönelik koşullu veya koşulsuz ekonomik yardımlar yapılmaktadır. Yapılan yardımların amaçlanan hedeflere ulaşma konusunda ne ölçüde başarılı olduğu ekonomi literatüründe inceleme konusu olmaktadır. Samaritan Çıkmazı, yapılan yardımların bir müddet sonra yardım alanlar açısından olumsuz etkilere neden olması ihtimaline işaret etmektedir. Bu etkilerden biri ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme performansı üzerinde görülebilmektedir. Bunun nedeni olarak yardım alan ülkelerde sürekli ekonomik yardım beklentisinin kurumların üretkenlikten uzaklaşarak bu yardımlara bağlı bir gelecek planlamasına girmelerine neden olabileceği gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ele alınan ülkeler ve zaman kısıtı çerçevesinde söz konusu ülkeler açısından Samaritan Çıkmazı’nın mevcut olup olmadığının tespitidir. Çalışmada panel veri analizi yöntemlerinden Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu GMM kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, düşük ve üst orta gelirli ülkeler için dış yardımlar ile büyüme arasında pozitif ilişki bulunurken alt orta gelir grubundaki ülkeler için negatif ilişki bulunmuştur.

An Examination of the Effect of External Aid on the Economic Growth in the Context of the Samaritan Perspective: An Empirical Analysis

Conditioned or unconditional economic assistance is provided to developed countries or international financial institutions for various countries in order to reduce the development gap between countries in the globalizing world. The extent to which aid has been successful in achieving its intended objectives is the subject of examination in the economic literature. The Samaritan Dilemma suggests that the aid provided may cause adverse effects in terms of donors after a while. One of these effects can be seen on the economic growth performance of countries. It is shown that the expectation of continuous economic assistance in the countries receiving aid as a basis may cause institutions to move away from productivity and to plan for a future connected to these benefits. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a Samaritan Dilemma in terms of countries and time constraints in the context of the mentioned countries. The Generalized Moments Method GMM was used in the study panel data analysis methods. According to the findings, there is a positive relationship between foreign aid and growth for low and upper middle income countries, while there is a negative relationship for the countries in lower middle income group

___

  • Aktan, C. C., & Bahçe, A. B. (2007). Kamu Tercihi Perspektifinden Oyun Teorisi. Ed. CC Aktan & Dilek Dileyici, Modern Politik İktisat: Kamu Tercihi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 153- 176.
  • Andrews, N. (2009). Foreign aid and development in Africa: What the literature says and what the reality is. Journal of African Studies and Development, 1(1), 8.
  • Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Baltagi, B. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bigsten, A. (2006). Donor coordination and the uses of aid. rapport nr.: Working Papers in Economics, (196).
  • Buchanan, J. M. (1975). The Samaritan's Dilemma.Phelps, E. S. (Ed.): Altruism, morality and economic theory, New York (Russell Sage Foundation) 1975, pp. 71-86.
  • Coate, S. (1995). Altruism, the Samaritan's dilemma, and government transfer policy. The American Economic Review, 46-57.
  • Dalgaard, C. J., Hansen, H., & Tarp, F. (2004). On the empirics of foreign aid and growth. The Economic Journal, 114(496).
  • Dimanche, K. S. (2010). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth(Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, Honors College).
  • Durbarry, R., Gemmell, N., & Greenaway, D. (1998). New evidence on the impact of foreign aid on economic growth(No. 98/8). CREDIT Research paper.
  • Fatima, F. (2014). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth. Open Access Library Journal, 1(03), 1.
  • Gibson, C. C. (2005). The Samaritan's dilemma: the political economy of development aid. Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • Hagen, R. J. (2006). Samaritan agents? On the strategic delegation of aid policy. Journal of Development Economics, 79(1), 249-263.
  • Headey, D. (2008). Geopolitics and the effect of foreign aid on economic growth: 1970– 2001. Journal of international development, 20(2), 161-180.
  • Heinecke, D., Dollery, B., & Fleming, E. (2008). The Samaritan's dilemma: The effectiveness of Australian foreign aid to Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 62(1), 53-71.
  • Hiemenz, U. (1986). Is development aid superfluous? Aid has not lived up to expectations. Intereconomics, 21(4), 176-180.
  • Islam, A. (1992). Foreign aid and economic growth: an econometric study of Bangladesh. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 24(5), 541-544.
  • Karras, G. (2006). Foreign aid and long‐run economic growth: empirical evidence for a panel of developing countries. Journal of International Development, 18(1), 15-28.
  • Kilby, C., & Dreher, A. (2010). The impact of aid on growth revisited: Do donor motives matter?. Economics Letters, 107(3), 338-340.
  • Malik, G. (2008). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Cointegration Analysis of the Six Poorest African Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(2), 251-260.
  • Minoiu, C., & Reddy, S. G. (2010). Development aid and economic growth: A positive long-run relation. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 50(1), 27-39.
  • Moolio, P., & Kong, S. Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: Panel Cointegration Analysis for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Athens Journal of Business and Economics. 2(4), 417-428
  • Moreira, S. B. (2005). Evaluating the impact of foreign aid on economic growth: A cross- country study. Journal of Economic Development, 30(2), 25-48.
  • Paul, E. (2006). A survey of the theoretical economic literature on foreign aid. Asian‐Pacific Economic Literature, 20(1), 1-17.
  • Pedersen, K. R. (2001). The Samaritan's dilemma and the effectiveness of development aid. International Tax and Public Finance, 8(5), 693-703.
  • Radelet, S. (2006). A primer on foreign aid. Center for Global Development Working Paper no. 92. Washington, DC: CGD.
  • Rangira, L. (2006). Foreign aid and Economic Growth.Master Thesis, University of Ottawa
  • Svensson, J. (2000). When is foreign aid policy credible? Aid dependence and conditionality. Journal of development economics, 61(1), 61-84.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı. Beta Basım Yayın, İstanbul.
  • Torsvik, G. (2005). Foreign economic aid; should donors cooperate?. Journal of development Economics, 77(2), 503-515.
  • Williamson, C. R. (2010). Exploring the failure of foreign aid: The role of incentives and information. The review of Austrian economics, 23(1), 17-33.