GÜNÜMÜZ TİCARET SAVAŞLARINDA GÜMRÜK VERGİLERİNİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ

Gümrük vergileri dış ticaret politikasının en önemli araçlarından biridir. İlk uygulamaları antik çağlara kadar uzanan bu vergilerin, hem devlete gelir sağlama hem de ülke içi sanayileri dış rekabete karşı koruma işlevlerini yerine getirmesi amaçlanır. Her ne kadar geçen yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren hızlanan küreselleşme sürecinin bir sonucu olarak bu vergilerin dış ticaret politikası içerisindeki önemi kısmen gerilemiş olsa da, 2018 yılındaki tarife artışları ile birlikte uluslararası ticari ilişkilerdeki rolü yeniden öne çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ABD’nin bazı mallara yönelik korumacılık tedbirleri ile başlayan ve Çin başta olmak üzere diğer ülkelerin buna karşılık vermesi ile de yayılma riski kazanan günümüz ticaret savaşlarını, gümrük vergilerindeki değişimler ve bu değişimlerin dünya ekonomine olan muhtemel etkileri çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. Çalışmadan elde edilen temel sonuçlar; uluslararası işbirliğinin sağlanamaması halinde dünya ekonomisinin yavaşlayabileceği, toplam ticaret hacminin daralabileceği ve hatta küresel ticari sistemin bir bütün olarak sürdürülemez hale gelme riski ile karşı karşıya kalabileceği yönündedir.

THE PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CUSTOMS DUTIES IN TODAY’S GLOBAL TRADE WARS

Customs Duties are one of the most significant tools of foreign trade policies. The first implementations of customs duties go back to ancient ages and it is aimed to fulfill the functions of both providing income to the country and to protect domestic industries against international competition. Although the significance of these taxes in foreign trade policy has partially receded since the last quarter of the previous century as a result of the accelerated globalization, their role in international trade relations has started to reemerge with the increase in tariffs in 2018. The aim of this study is to evaluate today’s global trade wars which started with the protectionist measures adapted by US to some goods and which has the risk of spreading globally with the retaliation of other countries –particularly China- under the framework of changes in customs duties and the possible impacts of these changes on global economy. The basic results obtained from the study are; the global economy may slow down in case international cooperation is not sustained, the total volume of trade may shrink and as well as that the global commercial system may have the risk of becoming unsustainable.

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